Cast-induced plasticity

# Experiment

Three healthy adult participants wore a cast covering the entire right upper extremity for two weeks. They were scanned every day for 6-9 weeks. Scans included 42-64 daily 30-minute resting-state functional MRI scans before, during and after casting. Participants later underwent 12-24 additional scans as part of a control experiment. In all, we collected 27-43 hours of resting-state functional MRI data in each individual.

Participants also performed a block-design movement task (right hand, left hand, right foot, left foot, tongue) for 8 minutes each night prior to casting.

Details of this dataset are described in Newbold et al., Plasticity and Spontaneous Activity Pulses in Disused Human Brain Circuits, Neuron (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.007. This manuscript should be cited whenever publishing work using this dataset.

# Raw data

Sessions are grouped into 5 conditions. 3 conditions (pre, cast, post) correspond to the original experiment. 2 conditions (on, off) correspond to a control experiment in which participants wore a removable cast during scanning (on sessions) but were not casted during daily life.

Two participants were also studied in a previous experiment, the Midnight Scan Club (MSC) experiment (Gordon et al, 2017, https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds000224). sub-cast1 was sub-MSC02. sub-cast2 was sub-MSC06. Carried forward many of the methods from the MSC experiment to the current study.

MSC participants were scanned using a 3T Siemens Trio MRI scanner. BOLD data were acquired at a spatial resolution of 4mm, single-band, with a TR of 2.2s. We used identical sequences for sub-cast1 during the original cast experiment (but not during the later control experiment).

After running sub-cast1, a new MRI scanner became available. sub-cast2 and sub-cast3 were scanned on a 3T Siemens Prisma using new sequences. The updated scanner and sequences were also appleid to sub-cast1 during the later control experiment. BOLD data for these scans were acquired at a spatial resolution 2.4mm, multi-band 4, with a TR of 1.1s.

# Pre-processed data

In addition to the raw BOLD and structural data we collected, we have also provided fully pre-processed rs-fMRI and task-fMRI data. Processing pipelines are described in Newbold et al, 2020 and all processing scripts are available on GitLab (https://gitlab.com/DosenbachGreene/cast-induced-plasticity). Processed data are provided in volume space as well as cifti space -- combined cortical surface data and sub-cortical/cerebellar volume data.

Surface projection followed methods described in Gordon et al, 2017. Derivative structural files needed for cifti creation (e.g. pial/white surfaces, subcortical masks) are provided for sub-cast2 and sub-cast3. Because sub-cast1 was scanned using the same scanner and sequences used for the MSC study, cortical projections for sub-cast1 used the projection files generated for sub-MSC02 (https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds000224, derivatives/surface_pipeline/sub-MSC02/fs_LR_Talairach/).

# Parcellations

Surface parcellations for sub-cast3 were created using methods described by Gordon et al (2017). Corresponding parcellations for sub-cast1 and sub-cast2 can be found in the MSC dataset (https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds000224, derivatives/surface_pipeline/sub-{subject}/surface_parcellation).

# 实验

三位健康成年受试者佩戴覆盖整个右上肢的石膏两周，随后在6-9周内每日接受扫描。扫描包含石膏固定前、固定期间及固定后的每日42-64次、每次30分钟的静息态功能磁共振成像（resting-state functional MRI）扫描。受试者后续作为对照实验的一部分额外接受了12-24次扫描，每位受试者总计收集27-43小时的静息态功能磁共振成像数据。

受试者还于石膏固定前的每晚执行一项块设计运动任务（block-design movement task），涵盖右手、左手、右脚、左脚及舌头动作，每次持续8分钟。

本数据集详情描述于Newbold等人2020年发表在《Neuron》期刊的论文《Plasticity and Spontaneous Activity Pulses in Disused Human Brain Circuits》中（https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.007），任何使用本数据集的研究均需引用该论文。

# 原始数据

扫描会话分为5种条件：3种（pre、cast、post）对应原始实验，另2种（on、off）对应对照实验——受试者扫描时佩戴可拆卸石膏，日常生活中则不佩戴。

两位受试者曾参与先前的Midnight Scan Club（MSC）实验（Gordon等人，2017；https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds000224）：sub-cast1对应sub-MSC02，sub-cast2对应sub-MSC06。本研究沿用了MSC实验的多项方法。

MSC实验采用3T西门子Trio磁共振扫描仪，血氧水平依赖（Blood Oxygen Level Dependent，BOLD）数据的空间分辨率为4mm、单波段，重复时间（Repetition Time，TR）为2.2秒。原始石膏实验中sub-cast1使用相同扫描仪及序列（后续对照实验除外）。

sub-cast1实验结束后启用新磁共振扫描仪，sub-cast2与sub-cast3采用3T西门子Prisma扫描仪及新序列，该设备与序列亦应用于sub-cast1的后续对照实验。此类扫描的BOLD数据空间分辨率为2.4mm、多波段4，TR为1.1秒。

# 预处理数据

除原始BOLD数据与结构数据外，我们还提供完全预处理后的静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）及任务态功能磁共振成像数据。处理流程详见Newbold等人2020年的论文，所有处理脚本可在GitLab获取（https://gitlab.com/DosenbachGreene/cast-induced-plasticity）。预处理数据以容积空间及cifti空间（cifti space）形式提供——后者整合皮层表面数据与皮层下/小脑容积数据。

皮层表面投影遵循Gordon等人2017年描述的方法。sub-cast2与sub-cast3提供创建cifti所需的衍生结构文件（如软膜/白质表面、皮层下掩码）。由于sub-cast1使用与MSC研究相同的扫描仪及序列，其皮层投影采用sub-MSC02的投影文件（https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds000224，derivatives/surface_pipeline/sub-MSC02/fs_LR_Talairach/）。

# 分区

sub-cast3的表面分区采用Gordon等人（2017）描述的方法创建，sub-cast1与sub-cast2的对应分区可在MSC数据集找到（https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds000224，derivatives/surface_pipeline/sub-{subject}/surface_parcellation）。