Effects of RA on endoderm marker gene expression.

Stage indicates the stage of treatment; Bead graft, grafting of RA-soaked beads; Culture med, RA was applied to the culture medium; ND, not done;
Phenotypes: Cyp26A1, concentration-dependent induction around the bead; HoxB4 and HoxA2, anterior expansion of the domain & increased levels of expression; Hex, comprise embryos collected at HH 5–6 and HH 14; at HH 5–6, Hex is partially repressed and at HH 14, Hex is inhibited in thyroid domain, liver domain remains unaffected; Nkx2.1, inhibited thyroid expression; Prox1, repression close to the bead. γ-fibrinogen, Pdx1 and CdxA, no effect.

组别（Stage）代表处理阶段；微珠移植组（Bead graft）：指移植经视黄酸（retinoic acid, RA）浸泡的微珠；培养基处理组（Culture med）：将视黄酸（RA）添加至培养基中；ND：未进行相关操作。表型：Cyp26A1：在微珠周围呈现浓度依赖性诱导表达；HoxB4与HoxA2：其表达区域向前扩展，且表达水平升高；Hex：实验采集了HH 5-6期与HH 14期的胚胎；在HH 5-6期，Hex的表达受到部分抑制；在HH 14期，其在甲状腺区域的表达被抑制，但肝脏区域的表达未受影响；Nkx2.1：甲状腺区域的表达受到抑制；Prox1：在微珠附近的表达受到抑制；γ-纤维蛋白原（γ-fibrinogen）、Pdx1与CdxA：未受显著影响。