Operational Delay Factors in Port Supply Chains Data

Amid global supply chain disruptions, seaports are vital for maintaining smooth goods flow. However, there is still a significant gap in understanding and addressing factors causing operational delays and inefficiencies in port supply chains. This study aims to systematically identify and rank the factors contributing to these delays and inefficiencies. Employing a hybrid methodology that combines the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Ordinal priority approach (OPA), and Dynamic Grey Relational Analysis (DGRA), this research addresses inefficiencies in port supply chains. The approach involves identifying key factors through expert consultation and literature review, mapping interdependencies, prioritizing factors, and analyzing dynamic relations to validate their influence. Operational delays in ports are classified into five main criteria: port management, shipping and navigation, port terminal operator, customs, and cargo owners, with each criterion broken down into specific sub-criteria. The study yielded significant results, identifying 'Poor management of goods flow' and 'Customs-related issues' within port management as the most critical factors contributing to operational delays. The analysis also highlighted 'Ship structure' and 'Late arrival of ships to port' under shipping and navigation as significant influencers of inefficiency. Notably, 'Operational cost optimization' and 'Expertise of operational staff' were pivotal in the port terminal operator category, reflecting their substantial impact on port operational efficiency. This study identified interdependencies among delay factors and essential intervention points, enhancing port functionality. The findings suggest strategies to improve global trade efficiency and economic stability in coastal regions through better supply chain management. Optimizing operational delay factors in port supply chains enhances port resilience by enabling more robust and reliable operations during disruptions.

在全球供应链遭遇中断的背景下，海港对于保障货物流通顺畅至关重要。然而当前学界对港口供应链中引发运营延误与效率低下的各类诱因的认知与应对仍存在显著缺口。本研究旨在系统性识别并排序引发此类延误与效率低下的影响因素。本研究采用融合决策试验与评价实验室法（Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory，DEMATEL）、序贯优先级法（Ordinal priority approach，OPA）以及动态灰色关联分析（Dynamic Grey Relational Analysis，DGRA）的混合研究方法，针对港口供应链的效率低下问题展开研究。该研究流程包括通过专家咨询与文献综述识别关键影响因素，梳理因素间的相互依存关系，对因素进行优先级排序，并通过动态关联分析验证其影响力。港口运营延误可划分为五大核心准则维度：港口管理、航运与导航、港口码头运营商、海关以及货主，每个准则维度下又细分出具体的子准则。本研究取得了具有重要价值的研究成果：在港口管理维度下，"货物流通管理不善"与"海关相关问题"是引发运营延误的最关键影响因素。分析结果同时显示，在航运与导航维度下，"船舶结构"与"船舶抵港晚点"是造成效率低下的重要影响因素。值得注意的是，在港口码头运营商维度中，"运营成本优化"与"运营人员专业能力"属于核心影响因素，体现了二者对港口运营效率的显著作用。本研究明确了各类延误因素间的相互依存关系以及关键干预节点，有助于提升港口运营效能。研究结果提出了通过优化供应链管理，提升全球贸易效率与沿海地区经济稳定性的可行路径。对港口供应链中的运营延误影响因素进行优化，能够在供应链遭遇中断时保障港口运营更加稳健可靠，从而提升港口韧性。