Data from: Metaproteomics reveals metabolic transitions between healthy and diseased stony coral Mussismilia braziliensis

Infectious diseases such as white plague syndrome (WPS) and black band disease (BBD) have caused massive coral loss worldwide. We performed a metaproteomic study on the Abrolhos coral Mussismilia braziliensis in order to define the types of proteins expressed in healthy corals compared to WPS- and BBD-affected corals. A total of 6363 MS/MS spectra were identified as 361 different proteins. Healthy corals had a set of proteins that may be considered markers of holobiont homeostasis, including tubulin, histone, Rab family, ribosomal, Peridinin-chlorophyll a-binding protein, F0F1-type ATP synthase, alpha iG protein, calmodulin, and ADP-ribosylation factor. Cnidaria proteins found in healthy M. braziliensis were associated with Cnidaria-Symbiodinium endosymbiosis and included chaperones (hsp70, hsp90, and calreticulin), structural and membrane modeling proteins (actin), and proteins with functions related to intracellular vesicular traffic (Rab7 and ADP-ribosylation factor 1) and signal transduction (14-3-3 protein and calmodulin). WPS resulted in a clear shift in the predominance of proteins, from those related to aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (i.e., Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, and Actinomycetales) in healthy corals to those produced by facultative/anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (i.e., Enterobacteriales, Alteromonadales, Clostridiales, and Bacteroidetes) in WPS corals. BBD corals developed a diverse community dominated by cyanobacteria and sulfur cycle bacteria. Hsp60, hsp90, and adenosylhomocysteinase proteins were produced mainly by cyanobacteria in BBD corals, which is consistent with elevated oxidative stress in hydrogen sulfide- and cyanotoxin-rich environments. This study demonstrates the usefulness of metaproteomics for gaining better comprehension of coral metabolic status in health and disease, especially in reef systems such as the Abrolhos that are suffering from the increase in global and local threatening events.

诸如白色瘟疫综合征（white plague syndrome, WPS）与黑带病（black band disease, BBD）在内的传染病已在全球范围内造成大规模珊瑚消亡。我们针对阿布洛霍斯海域的巴西束星珊瑚（Mussismilia braziliensis）开展宏蛋白质组学（metaproteomics）研究，以明确健康珊瑚与感染WPS、BBD的珊瑚之间的差异表达蛋白质类型。本研究共鉴定出6363条MS/MS（质谱/质谱）谱图，对应361种不同蛋白质。健康珊瑚拥有一套可作为共生体稳态（holobiont homeostasis）标志物的蛋白质组，涵盖微管蛋白、组蛋白、Rab家族蛋白、核糖体蛋白、甲藻素-叶绿素a结合蛋白、F0F1型ATP合酶、αi型G蛋白、钙调蛋白与ADP核糖基化因子。在健康巴西束星珊瑚中检出的刺胞动物（Cnidaria）蛋白质与刺胞动物-虫黄藻（Symbiodinium）内共生过程相关，包括分子伴侣（热休克蛋白70、热休克蛋白90与钙网蛋白）、结构与膜重塑蛋白（肌动蛋白），以及参与细胞内囊泡运输（Rab7与ADP核糖基化因子1）和信号转导（14-3-3蛋白与钙调蛋白）的蛋白质。WPS感染会导致蛋白质优势类群发生显著转变：从健康珊瑚中与需氧固氮菌（根瘤菌目、鞘脂单胞菌目与放线菌目）相关的蛋白质，转向WPS感染珊瑚中由兼性/厌氧硫酸盐还原菌（肠杆菌目、交替单胞菌目、梭菌目与拟杆菌门）产生的蛋白质。感染BBD的珊瑚会形成以蓝细菌与硫循环细菌为主导的多样化微生物群落。在BBD感染珊瑚中，Hsp60、Hsp90与腺苷同型半胱氨酸酶主要由蓝细菌产生，这与富含硫化氢与氰毒素的环境中升高的氧化应激水平相符。本研究证实了宏蛋白质组学可助力更深入地理解健康与患病珊瑚的代谢状态，尤其适用于像阿布洛霍斯礁这类正遭受全球与本地威胁事件日益加剧影响的珊瑚礁系统。