Table1.XLSX

The human population of the Brazilian Amazon possesses a rich body of beliefs and practices that relate to river dolphins, which are also known as botos (Inia and Sotalia species). There is a widespread belief in their magical powers in relation to love enchantments. One form that this takes is “dolphin love charms” and these are widely in use in northern Brazil, and also in the largest southern cities. This paper considers the trade of cetacean products in the form of love charms in Brazil. Samples were obtained in the north (n = 70), northeast (n = 3) and southeast (n = 59) regions from 34 shops or municipal markets. A total of 38 of the 131 collected samples were evaluated by complete cytochrome b sequencing, revealing the use of two species: the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) (n = 3) and the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) (n = 10) and samples containing no animal material (n = 10) were also detected. Pigs are used to fake love charm products in Rio de Janeiro. However, whereas in the southeast there is no actual use of dolphin tissues in love charms, there is a widespread use of dolphin tissue in northern Brazil, including, muscle, eyes, penis and vagina. The data confirm a regular trade of dolphin products in large cities in the north and northeast of Brazil and the need for more intense actions from governmental agencies in order to curb this illegal trade.

巴西亚马逊流域的人类社群拥有一套与河豚相关的丰富信仰与传统实践，这类河豚又称botos（即Inia属和Sotalia属物种）。当地广泛流传着河豚具备与情爱魅惑相关的超自然力量的信仰，其中一种表现形式为"河豚情爱符咒"，该符咒在巴西北部以及南部大型城市中广泛使用。本研究聚焦巴西境内以情爱符咒形式存在的鲸类制品贸易。研究样本采集自巴西北部（n=70）、东北部（n=3）与东南部（n=59）的34家商铺或市政市场。在总计采集的131份样本中，38份通过完整细胞色素b（cytochrome b）测序完成物种鉴定，结果显示涉及三类样本：含圭亚那海豚（Sotalia guianensis，n=3）组织的样本、含家猪（Sus scrofa，n=10）组织的样本，以及10份未含有任何动物源成分的样本。在里约热内卢，人们常以家猪制品伪造"河豚情爱符咒"商品。但与东南部地区未实际使用河豚组织制作符咒的情况不同，巴西北部地区广泛使用河豚组织，包括肌肉、眼部、阴茎与阴道组织。本研究数据证实，巴西北部与东北部的大型城市中存在常态化的河豚制品非法贸易，同时表明政府相关部门需采取更严格的执法行动以遏制此类非法贸易。