GlobalUsefulNativeTrees: useful tree species

The GlobalUsefulNativeTrees database (GlobUNT; https://worldagroforestry.org/output/globalusefulnativetrees) was developed after a first step of combining native distribution data across 242 countries and territories from GlobalTreeSearch (accessed 8th May 2022; Beech et al. 2017; BGCI 2022) with information on ten categories of human usage documented in the World Checklist of Useful Plant Species (WCUPS; Diazgranados et al. 2020). GlobUNT was described in more detail in the following publication: Kindt et al. (2023) GlobalUsefulNativeTrees, a database of 14,014 tree species, supports synergies between biodiversity recovery and local livelihoods in restoration. Sci Rep 13, 12640. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39552-1. Version v.2023.01 of the database includes 14,014 useful tree species, representing roughly a quarter of the known tree species (as listed by GlobalTreeSearch) and a third of the plant species from WCUPS. The data set included here provides the taxonomic names for all tree species included in GlobUNT together with details on the process of standardization via the WorldFlora package (Kindt 2020). This taxonomic standardization process was completed during the preparation of the third major release of the Agroforestry Species Switchboard (as a consequence, all species listed in GlobUNT are included among the 230,000+ species from the Switchboard).

For the updated version of GlobUNT released in May 2026, the list of species was modified by:

Adding 71 species that were listed both in GlobalTreeSearch (version 1.6 as used when developing the first version of GlobUNT) and the WCUPS, as discovered through the new standardizations of species names when developing version 4 of the Agroforestry Species Switchboard (see Kindt et al. 2025). The identifies of these species can be found from the entries of 'Added 2026' in the field of 'Selection'.

Adding Cordia megalantha, which was the only species that was still missing from the Top 830 list of tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics (see Kindt et al. 2021 or this Zenodo archive).

Removing Canarium schweinfurtii (wfo-0000583735) and treating it as a spelling variant of Canarium schweinfurthii (wfo-0001328093). In the 2023 list, it was listed with SEQ = 2187 and had been added via the TOP830+ selections. 

Version 2026.05 includes updated information from World Flora Online (WFO), now reflecting matches with version v.2023.12 of its taxonomic backbone (https://www.worldfloraonline.org/downloadData; this is the same version as used for the current version of the Agroforestry Species Switchboard). Whereas not all species could be matched with WFO in the 2023 version, now all species could be matched with a WFO record.

Funding

The development of GlobUNT was funded by the Darwin Initiative to project DAREX001 of Developing a Global Biodiversity Standard certification for tree-planting and restoration, by Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative through the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Ethiopia to the Provision of Adequate Tree Seed Portfolio project in Ethiopia, by the Green Climate Fund through the IUCN-led Transforming the Eastern Province of Rwanda through Adaptation project and through the Readiness proposal on Climate Appropriate Portfolios of Tree Diversity for Burkina Faso, by the Bezos Earth Fund to the Bezos Quality Tree Seed for Africa in Kenya and Rwanda project and by the German International Climate Initiative (IKI) to the regional tree seed programme on The Right Tree for the Right Place for the Right Purpose in Africa.

全球有用本土树木数据库（GlobalUsefulNativeTrees，缩写为GlobUNT；访问地址：https://worldagroforestry.org/output/globalusefulnativetrees）的构建，首先整合了2022年5月8日获取的GlobalTreeSearch（Beech等，2017；BGCI，2022）中收录的242个国家和地区的本土分布数据，并结合了《世界有用植物物种名录》（World Checklist of Useful Plant Species，缩写为WCUPS；Diazgranados等，2020）中记录的10大类人类利用信息。GlobUNT的详细信息已发表于以下文献：Kindt等（2023）《全球有用本土树木：一个包含14014个树种的数据库，助力生物多样性恢复与当地民生的协同增效》，《科学报告》（Sci Rep）13卷，12640号。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39552-1。

该数据库的v.2023.01版本共包含14014个有用树种，约占GlobalTreeSearch统计的已知树种总量的四分之一，以及WCUPS收录植物物种总量的三分之一。本数据集提供了GlobUNT收录的所有树种的分类学名称，以及通过WorldFlora工具包（Kindt，2020）完成标准化的详细流程。此项分类学标准化工作是在筹备《农林业物种总机》（Agroforestry Species Switchboard）第三版大型发布版期间完成的，因此GlobUNT收录的所有物种均包含在该总机收录的23万余种物种之中。

针对2026年5月发布的GlobUNT更新版本，物种列表进行了如下修改：
1. 新增71个同时收录于GlobalTreeSearch（即构建GlobUNT首个版本时使用的1.6版本）与WCUPS的物种，该新增物种是通过开发《农林业物种总机》第4版时开展的全新物种名称标准化工作发现的（详见Kindt等，2025）。此类新增物种的相关信息可在"Selection"字段中标记为"Added 2026"的条目处获取。
2. 新增Cordia megalantha，该物种是热带与亚热带地区优先种植的830种核心树种名录中唯一缺失的物种（详见Kindt等，2021或该Zenodo存档库）。
3. 移除Canarium schweinfurtii（wfo-0000583735），并将其视为Canarium schweinfurthii（wfo-0001328093）的拼写变体。在2023版列表中，该物种的SEQ编号为2187，通过TOP830+筛选条目被纳入数据库。

2026.05版本更新了来自世界植物在线（World Flora Online，缩写为WFO）的信息，现已匹配其分类学主干库的v.2023.12版本（https://www.worldfloraonline.org/downloadData；该版本与当前《农林业物种总机》所使用的版本一致）。相较于2023版无法将所有物种匹配至WFO记录，2026.05版已实现所有物种均能匹配到WFO记录。

资助

GlobUNT的开发得到了以下项目的资助：达尔文倡议（Darwin Initiative）资助的"为树木种植与恢复制定全球生物多样性标准认证"项目DAREX001；挪威国际气候与森林倡议通过挪威驻埃塞俄比亚大使馆资助的埃塞俄比亚充足林木种子组合供应项目；绿色气候基金通过IUCN（国际自然保护联盟）主导的"卢旺达东部省份适应转型项目"以及针对布基纳法索的"气候适配型林木多样性组合准备提案"；贝佐斯地球基金资助的"肯尼亚与卢旺达非洲优质林木种子项目"；德国国际气候倡议（International Climate Initiative，缩写为IKI）资助的非洲"适地适树适用途"区域林木种子计划。