Table_1_Testing Reliability of Biophilic Design Matrix Within Urban Residential Playrooms.DOCX

Playtime in urban cities has become an indoor activity for children due to limited access to natural outdoor environments. This product of urbanization makes the case for the introduction of biophilic design. However, playrooms are often neglected as a possibility in designing a natural space indoors. Interior designers and other specialists lack a reliable tool to identify and incorporate biophilic features into the design of these indoor environments in urban settings. The Biophilic Interior Design Matrix (BID-M) developed by McGee and Marshall-Baker quantifies 52 of Kellert’s biophilic design attributes to assess their presence and absence within interior spaces. We expanded its use by testing the matrix in a new type of space, urban playrooms, and coded images of 45 children’s playrooms within Manhattan residential buildings in New York City, including assessing a larger sample and reliability rate compared to McGee and Marshall-Baker’s research. Inter-rater reliability of the overall design matrix and individual matrix items was measured with percent agreement and free-marginal multirater kappa. Reliability testing showed overall good reliability of the overall design matrix. Several matrix items had low reliability between raters. Our findings show that the BID-M needs to be modified to better assess urban interior spaces for children.

由于儿童可接触的自然户外环境有限，城市中的儿童游戏活动已转为室内形式。这一城市化产物佐证了引入亲自然设计（biophilic design）的必要性。然而，在室内自然空间的设计中，游戏室往往被忽视。室内设计师及其他相关专业人员缺乏可靠工具，用以识别并将亲自然特征融入城市室内环境的设计当中。麦吉（McGee）与马歇尔-贝克（Marshall-Baker）开发的亲自然室内设计矩阵（Biophilic Interior Design Matrix，简称BID-M），将凯勒特（Kellert）提出的52项亲自然设计属性进行量化，以评估其在室内空间中的存在与否。我们通过在新型空间——城市游戏室——中测试该矩阵，拓展了其应用场景；并对美国纽约市曼哈顿住宅区中的45间儿童游戏室的图像进行编码，相较于麦吉与马歇尔-贝克的研究，本次研究纳入了更大的样本量并对信度进行了评估。研究采用一致率与自由边际多评分者kappa系数，对整体设计矩阵及各矩阵条目进行了评分者间信度检验。信度检验结果显示，整体设计矩阵具备良好的整体信度，但部分矩阵条目的评分者间信度较低。我们的研究结果表明，BID-M需要进行优化调整，以更好地评估面向儿童的城市室内空间。