Protocol of exercise intervention.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the effects of Pilates combined with breathing exercise on lung function, body posture, and postural stability among female university students.
Methods
A total of 66 females (mean age 19 years) with poor body posture were recruited from a local university and randomly divided into three groups, Pilates combined with breathing exercise group (PRT), Pilates only group (PLT), and control group (CON). Exercise interventions were conducted three times per week, 60 min per session, and lasted 16 weeks (8 weeks of group training + 8 weeks of self-training). Lung function and respiratory muscle performance, as the primary outcomes were measured using the Lung Function Tester. Secondary outcomes were standing posture and static postural stability.
Results
Significant group differences were found at post-test in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (F(2, 50) = 3.63, p = 0.034, pη2 = 0.13) and Minute Ventilation (MV) (F(2, 50) = 3.52, p = 0.04, pη2 = 0.123), where the PRT group showed more improvements than the PLT group especially in FVC (mean difference = 0.43, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the PRT group showed significant improvements at post-test in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second as a percentage of Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1%) (F(2, 42) = 10.2, p < 0.01, pη2 = 0.327), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) (F(2, 42) = 5.62, p = 0.01, pη2 = 0.211) and Tidal Volume (TV) (F(2, 42) = 8.38, p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.285). Additionally, it improved body posture and static postural stability, with notable gains in certain stability measures under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Combining breathing exercises with Pilates can improve lung function, body posture, and postural stability in female college students, and a longer training duration (> 16 weeks) appears beneficial for achieving optimal outcomes. These findings suggest a potential association between lung function and postural stability mediated by respiratory muscle function, which warrants further investigation.

研究目的
本研究旨在探讨普拉提（Pilates）联合呼吸训练对女大学生肺功能、身体姿态及姿势稳定性的影响。

研究方法
本研究从某本地高校招募66名身体姿态不良的女性受试者（平均年龄19岁），采用随机分组法将其分为三组：普拉提联合呼吸训练组（Pilates combined with breathing exercise group，PRT）、单纯普拉提组（Pilates only group，PLT）及对照组（control group，CON）。干预方案为每周训练3次，每次60分钟，总干预时长16周（其中团体训练8周+自主训练8周）。本研究的主要结局指标为肺功能与呼吸肌功能，采用肺功能测试仪（Lung Function Tester）进行检测；次要结局指标为站立姿态与静态姿势稳定性。

研究结果
干预后检测显示，三组受试者在用力肺活量（Forced Vital Capacity，FVC）（F(2,50)=3.63，p=0.034，pη²=0.13）与分钟通气量（Minute Ventilation，MV）（F(2,50)=3.52，p=0.04，pη²=0.123）指标上存在显著组间差异；其中PRT组的改善效果优于PLT组，尤以FVC指标最为显著（均数差=0.43，p<0.05）。此外，PRT组在干预后于一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比（Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second as a percentage of Forced Vital Capacity，FEV1%）（F(2,42)=10.2，p<0.01，pη²=0.327）、最大呼气流量（Peak Expiratory Flow Rate，PEFR）（F(2,42)=5.62，p=0.01，pη²=0.211）及潮气量（Tidal Volume，TV）（F(2,42)=8.38，p<0.001，pη²=0.285）指标上均出现显著改善。同时，该干预方案可改善受试者的身体姿态与静态姿势稳定性，在睁眼与闭眼两种测试条件下的多项稳定性指标均获得显著提升（p<0.05）。

结论
研究表明，将呼吸训练与普拉提相结合，可有效改善女大学生的肺功能、身体姿态及姿势稳定性；且延长训练时长（>16周）有助于获得最优干预效果。本研究结果提示，肺功能与姿势稳定性之间可能存在由呼吸肌功能介导的关联，该结论有待后续研究进一步验证。