China’s product-level CO2 emissions dataset aligned with national input-output tables from 1997 to 2020

Although carbon emission research based on input-output tables (IOTs) has received considerable attention, challenges related to data quality persist due to inconsistencies between the sectoral scopes of energy statistics and IOTs. Specifically, China’s official energy data are reported at the industry level, whereas IOTs are organized by product sectors. To develop valid IOT-based environmental models, it is essential to consistently transform industry-level emissions to product-level emissions. However, most existing studies overlook this necessary transformation, potentially leading to substantial estimation errors. This study addresses this issue by developing a high-quality, product-level emissions dataset for China, grounded in robust product technology identification derived from IOTs. Our new emissions dataset, aligned with Chinese national IOTs, covers 29 to 34 product sectors across 7 benchmark years from 1997 to 2020. It includes data from 4 to 5 energy sectors and provides detailed information on 18 types of fossil fuels, along with emissions estimates based on both IPCC and two China-specific emission factors. This inventory enhances the precision of product-sector emission accounting and can be integrated into IOT-based climate and energy models, serving as a fundamental database for energy and emission analysis.

尽管基于投入产出表（Input-Output Tables, IOTs）的碳排放研究已受到广泛关注，但由于能源统计的部门范围与投入产出表存在不一致，数据质量方面的挑战依然存在。具体而言，中国官方能源数据以行业层面发布，而投入产出表则按照产品部门进行分类编排。若要构建可靠的基于投入产出表的环境模型，需将行业层面排放统一规范地转换为产品层面排放，这一步至关重要。然而，绝大多数现有研究均忽略了这一必要转换步骤，可能会引发显著的估计误差。本研究针对该问题，依托投入产出表得出的可靠产品技术识别结果，构建了一套高质量的中国产品层面排放数据集。这套新排放数据集与中国国家投入产出表相匹配，覆盖1997年至2020年共7个基准年份的29至34个产品部门。该数据集涵盖4至5个能源部门的数据，提供18种化石燃料的详细信息，并基于政府间气候变化专门委员会（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC）以及两种中国专属排放系数进行排放估算。本数据集可提升产品部门排放核算的精度，可集成于基于投入产出表的气候与能源模型之中，可为能源与排放分析提供基础数据库支撑。