WP382 - MAPK signaling - Homo sapiens

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. Presumably each MAPKKK confers responsiveness to distinct stimuli. For example, activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors depends on the MAPKKK c-Raf, but other MAPKKKs may activate ERK1/2 in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.

Description reference: [KEGG](http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?pathway:map04010).

Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [CPTAC Assay Portal](https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP382).

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK）级联反应是一类高度保守的信号模块，参与多种细胞功能，包括细胞增殖、分化及迁移。哺乳动物至少表达四组调控机制各异的MAPK，分别为细胞外信号调节激酶（extracellular signal-related kinase, ERK）1/2、c-Jun氨基末端激酶（Jun amino-terminal kinases, JNK）1/2/3、p38蛋白（p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta）以及ERK5，上述激酶均由特定的MAPK激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MAPKK）激活：ERK1/2的激活依赖MEK1/2，p38的激活依赖MKK3/6，JNKs的激活依赖MKK4/7（又称JNKK1/2），ERK5的激活则依赖MEK5。不过，每个MAPKK可被不止一种MAPK激酶激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, MAPKKK）激活，这进一步增加了MAPK信号通路的复杂性与多样性。据推测，每种MAPKKK均对应特定刺激的响应信号。例如，生长因子介导的ERK1/2激活依赖MAPKKK c-Raf，而其他MAPKKK则可在促炎刺激下激活ERK1/2。
描述参考来源：[KEGG](http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?pathway:map04010)。
该通路相关蛋白可通过[CPTAC Assay Portal](https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP382)获取靶向检测服务。