The results of three models.

Since dual channel supply chain has become one of the main modes of supply chain, its research has acquired great significance. This paper constructs a low-carbon dual channel supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. The manufacturer produces low-carbon product and high carbon product with substitution relationship. The retailer sells high carbon product in traditional channel. The manufacturer also sells low-carbon product in direct channel. The government, manufacturer and retailer conduct a three-level Stackelberg game. This paper studies the optimal decisions of the government, manufacturer and retailer under the three modes of carbon tax + subsidy, carbon tax only and subsidy only. It has been found that for social welfare, the carbon tax + subsidy model is higher than the subsidy model and carbon tax model. For manufacturer profit, the subsidy mode is the highest, followed by the carbon tax + subsidy mode. For retailer profit, the carbon tax + subsidy model is equal to the carbon tax model. The increase in the proportion of consumers who prefer high carbon product in the total market or product cost of low-carbon product, will increase the profit of traditional channel and reduce the profit of direct channel.

随着双渠道供应链成为供应链主流模式之一，相关研究的重要性日益凸显。本文构建了由单一制造商与单一零售商组成的低碳双渠道供应链系统：制造商同时生产具有替代关系的低碳产品与高碳产品，零售商通过传统渠道销售高碳产品，制造商则通过直销渠道售卖低碳产品。政府、制造商与零售商三者构成三级斯塔克尔伯格（Stackelberg）博弈模型。本文研究了碳税+补贴、仅碳税、仅补贴三种政策模式下，政府、制造商及零售商的最优决策问题。研究结果表明：就社会福利而言，碳税+补贴模式优于仅补贴模式与仅碳税模式；就制造商利润而言，仅补贴模式下利润最高，其次为碳税+补贴模式；就零售商利润而言，碳税+补贴模式与仅碳税模式的利润水平持平。市场中偏好高碳产品的消费者占比提升，或低碳产品的生产成本上升，均会使传统渠道利润增加、直销渠道利润减少。