European Working Conditions Survey, 1991

The EWCS 1990-1991 also formed part of the <i>Euro-Barometer 35A: Working Conditions, Spring 1991</i> survey (see under SN 2954).<br>
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The <I>European Working Conditions Survey</I> (EWCS) is conducted by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound). Since its launch in 1990, the EWCS has provided an overview of working conditions in Europe in order to;<ul><li>assess and quantify working conditions of both employees and the self-employed across Europe on a harmonised basis;</li><li>analyse relationships between different aspects of working conditions;</li><li>identify groups at risk and issues of concern as well as of progress;</li><li>monitor trends by providing homogeneous indicators on these issues; and</li><li>contribute to European policy development in particular on quality of work and employment issues.</li></ul>The EWCS paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. Its findings highlight actions for policy actors to help them address the challenges facing Europe today. The EWCS is generally conducted once every five years, although an extra wave was conducted in 2001 to cover the new acceding and candidate EU countries. The survey is based on a questionnaire which is administered face-to-face to a random sample of 'persons in employment' (i.e. employees and the self-employed), representative of the working population in each EU country. An integrated dataset is also available (see SN 7363) which combines data from the first five waves of the survey in one file.<br>
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Before working with the EWCS data, users are recommended to read the latest supplementary supporting documentation on the Eurofound <a href="http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys" title="European Working Conditions Survey" target="_blank">European Working Conditions Survey</a> webpages. Further information about the series can be found there, including methodological information, technical reports and reports on translation, sampling implementation, sampling evaluation and weighting, coding, quality control, quality assurance and other publications.<br>
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1990-1991年欧洲工作条件调查（EWCS）亦是<i>《欧洲晴雨表35A：1991年春季工作条件》</i>调查的一部分（详见SN 2954）。<br><br> <I>《欧洲工作条件调查》</I>（European Working Conditions Survey，简称EWCS）由欧洲生活与工作条件改善基金会（European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions，简称Eurofound）开展。自1990年启动以来，EWCS旨在为欧洲工作条件提供全面概述，具体目标包括：<ul><li>基于统一标准评估并量化欧洲范围内雇员与自雇人士的工作条件；</li><li>分析工作条件各维度之间的关系；</li><li>识别风险群体、关注问题及进展领域；</li><li>通过提供相关问题的统一指标监测趋势；以及</li><li>为欧洲政策制定提供支持，尤其在工作质量与就业议题方面。</li></ul>EWCS描绘了欧洲各国、各职业、各行业及各年龄群体的工作全景。其研究结果为政策制定者指明了行动方向，助力他们应对欧洲当前面临的挑战。EWCS通常每五年开展一次，但2001年额外增加了一轮调查，以覆盖欧盟新加入国及候选国。该调查基于问卷开展，通过面对面方式对每个欧盟国家具有代表性的“就业人员”（即雇员与自雇人士）随机样本进行调查。此外还提供整合数据集（详见SN 7363），该数据集将前五轮调查的数据合并到一个文件中。<br><br>在使用EWCS数据前，建议用户查阅Eurofound官网<a href="http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys" title="European Working Conditions Survey" target="_blank">欧洲工作条件调查</a>页面上的最新补充支持文档。该页面还提供了系列调查的更多信息，包括方法学资料、技术报告以及关于翻译、抽样实施、抽样评估与加权、编码、质量控制、质量保证等方面的报告及其他出版物。<br><br>