Data and scripts from: Total evidence phylogenetic analysis reveals polyphyly of Anostomoides and uncovers an unexpectedly ancient genus of anostomid fishes

The nearly 150 species of Anostomidae comprise one of the most diverse and taxonomically dynamic families of Neotropical freshwater fishes. A recent revision of the enigmatic and poorly diagnosed genus Anostomoides demonstrated that it contains two valid species, each with complicated taxonomic histories; however, that study did not address their phylogenetic placement. Herein, we provide the integrated molecular and morphological data and scripts used to demonstrate their distant evolutionary relationship, and thus the polyphyly of Anostomoides. Results from analysis of these data reconstruct one of the species in a previously hypothesized placement within a clade also containing Laemolyta, Rhytiodus and Schizodon, and the other as a morphologically and genetically distinctive lineage that diverged early in the history of the family. The paper that these data support describes and illustrates the osteology of this remarkable species, discusses the evolutionary implications of its uniqu...

上口脂鲤科（Anostomidae）包含近150个物种，是新热带界淡水鱼类中多样性最丰富、分类学动态最强的科之一。近期对神秘且诊断不明的阿诺斯脂鲤属（Anostomoides）的修订研究表明，该属包含两个有效物种，每个物种都有复杂的分类学历史；然而，该研究并未涉及它们的系统发育位置。本文提供了用于证明它们远缘进化关系（从而证明阿诺斯脂鲤属具有多系性（polyphyly））的整合分子与形态学数据及脚本。这些数据分析结果显示，其中一个物种的位置与先前假设一致，位于同时包含Laemolyta、Rhytiodus和Schizodon属的分支中；另一个物种则是形态和遗传特征独特的谱系，在该科的演化历史早期便已分化。这些数据所支持的论文描述并阐释了这一非凡物种的骨学特征（osteology），探讨了其独特...的演化意义。