Cattle manure compost metagenome as a source of industrially important enzymes

Compost is an aerobic self-heating environment that houses biological degraders capable of degrading wood, starch, cellulose, lignin, lipids, peptides and other carbohydrates. It has cycle of thermophilic heating and cooling phases due to oxidation of the organic matter into inorganic matter until the maturation where it will be used as a fertilizer. Compost attracts attention as it is readily accessible hotspot for thermophilic microorganisms and its enzymes. The enzymes such as amylases, cellulases, proteases and lipases are being sought in industries and are being replaced with its mesophilic counterparts. Metagenome of manure compost was isolated and sequenced. It revealed abundances of Actinobacteria, proteobacteria, fermicutes lineages

堆肥（Compost）是一种好氧自热环境，栖息着能够降解木材、淀粉、纤维素、木质素、脂质、肽类及其他碳水化合物的生物降解菌。该环境会经历以有机质氧化生成无机物为核心的高温制热与冷却循环阶段，直至达到腐熟状态，此时即可作为肥料施用。堆肥因是嗜热微生物（thermophilic microorganisms）及其酶系易于获取的热点生境而受到广泛关注。诸如淀粉酶（amylase）、纤维素酶（cellulase）、蛋白酶（protease）及脂肪酶（lipase）在内的酶类在工业领域需求旺盛，且正逐步被嗜温型（mesophilic）同类酶替代。已有研究对畜禽粪便堆肥的宏基因组（Metagenome）进行了分离与测序，结果显示放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）以及厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）类群具有较高丰度。