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In order to investigate the seepage law and crack development characteristics of dump slopes, as well as the impact on slope stability during drying and wetting cycles, a simulation test slope system was constructed in a rainfall environment, specifically designed to mimic the engineering conditions of dump slope. The apparent resistivity response formula for the seepage and crack development processes was derived based on the three-phase medium theory of rock-soil bodies and Maxwell’s conductivity formula. The geoelectric field characteristics pertaining to slope damage and the corresponding patterns of alteration were comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrate a negative correlation between resistivity and slope water content, with resistivity increasing as cracks develop and decreasing with water infiltration. The progression of crack formation in a rainfall environment on a dump slope can be categorized into three stages: The initial phase involves the saturation of the slope as water content increases. Subsequently, the second phase entails the initiation and expansion of capillary zones, along with the formation of dominant waterways. Lastly, the third phase encompasses the formation and expansion of cracks within the dumping site. The occurrence of sudden changes and abnormal fluctuations in apparent resistivity within a saturated slope signifies the presence of cracks and weak surfaces, leading to gradual and irreversible damage. This phenomenon serves as an indicator of slope damage and can be utilized for the early prediction of slope instability.

为研究排土边坡的渗流规律、裂隙发育特征，以及干湿循环过程中边坡稳定性的变化影响，本研究在降雨环境下构建了模拟试验边坡系统，该系统专门针对排土边坡的工程工况进行仿真设计。基于岩土体三相介质理论与麦克斯韦（Maxwell）导电公式，推导得到了渗流与裂隙发育过程的视电阻率响应公式，全面探究了边坡破坏相关的地电场特征及其演化规律。研究结果表明，电阻率与边坡含水率呈负相关关系：裂隙发育时电阻率升高，水分入渗时电阻率降低。排土边坡在降雨环境下的裂隙发育过程可划分为三个阶段：第一阶段为边坡随含水率升高进入饱和状态；第二阶段为毛细带萌生与扩展，同时形成优势渗流通道；第三阶段为排土场内裂隙的萌生与扩展。饱和边坡内视电阻率出现突变与异常波动，意味着存在裂隙与软弱面，将引发渐进式且不可逆的破坏。该现象可作为边坡破坏的预警指标，用于边坡失稳的早期预测。