Early-Onset Sepsis an NICHD/CDC Surveillance Study II

The primary purpose of this study was to determine rates of early-onset neonatal infection in term and preterm infants in the era of maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent vertical transmission of group B streptococcal disease. Early-onset infection comprises early-onset sepsis (EOS) and/or early-onset meningitis (EOM) and is defined as isolation of a pathogen from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained within 72 hours of birth and provision of appropriate antibiotic treatment for 5 or more days (or <5 days if death occurs while receiving antibiotic therapy). The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of organisms associated with EOS and EOM were evaluated. Case controls were also identified.

本研究的首要目标为明确：在采用产妇产时抗生素预防（intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis）以阻断B族链球菌病垂直传播的临床背景下，足月儿与早产儿的早发型新生儿感染（early-onset neonatal infection）发生率。早发型感染包含早发型败血症（EOS）和/或早发型脑膜炎（EOM），其判定标准为：出生后72小时内采集的血液或脑脊液（cerebrospinal fluid, CSF）样本中分离得到病原体，且接受至少5天的针对性抗菌药物治疗；若在接受抗菌药物治疗期间死亡，则治疗时长可少于5天。本研究同时评估了与EOS、EOM相关病原体的抗菌药物敏感性谱，并筛选确定了病例对照样本。