Climate warming leads to advanced fruit development period of temperate woody species but divergent changes in its length

Climate warming has significantly altered the phenology of plants in recent decades. However, in contrast to the widely reported warming-induced extension of vegetative growing season, the response of fruit development period (FDP) from flowering to fruiting remains largely unexplored, particularly for woody plants. Analyzing >560,000 in situ observations of both flowering and fruiting dates for six temperate woody species across 2958 European phenological observations sites during 1980 – 2013, we found that in all species both flowering and fruiting phenology, i.e., the FDP, advanced with climate warming. However, the advancing rates of the two events were not necessarily equal for any given species, resulting in divergent changes in the length of FDP among species with climate warming. During 1980 – 2013, not only the temperature during FDP but also the forcing requirement for fruit development increased, both affecting the length of FDP. The shortened FDP was mainly due to elevate...

近几十年来，气候变暖显著改变了植物的物候（phenology）。然而，与广泛报道的气候变暖导致营养生长季延长的现象相反，从开花到结果的果实发育期（fruit development period, FDP）的响应仍未得到充分探索，尤其是对于木本植物而言。通过分析1980-2013年间欧洲2958个物候观测站点中6种温带木本植物的>560,000条开花和结果日期的原位（in situ）观测数据，我们发现所有物种的开花和结果物候（即FDP）均随气候变暖而提前。然而，对于任一物种而言，这两个事件的提前速率并不一定相等，导致气候变暖下不同物种的FDP长度发生差异性变化。1980-2013年间，不仅FDP期间的温度升高，果实发育的积温需求（forcing requirement）也有所增加，两者均影响FDP的长度。FDP缩短主要归因于elevate...