Supplementary information files for "Environmental correlates of aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity in garden ponds: Implications for pond management"

Supplementary files for article "Environmental correlates of aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity in garden ponds: Implications for pond management"Garden ponds are a ubiquitous feature of urban landscapes and have the potential to be an important resource for biodiversity. However, the environmental and spatial factors influencing ecological communities within garden ponds have been poorly quantified to date, despite such evidence being critical to the development of effective management strategies that support biodiversity. This study aims to identify the environmental and spatial factors influencing macroinvertebrate richness, abundance and compositional variation among garden ponds and provide management recommendations at the local and landscape scale. In total, 99 macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded from 30 garden ponds. A negative association was recorded between ecological uniqueness (measured as the Local Contribution to Beta-Diversity) and taxonomic richness among the garden ponds, and those ponds with high ecological uniqueness typically displayed high replacement (turnover) values. Surface area, total plant richness and non-native plant richness were positively associated with macroinvertebrate richness. Taxonomic richness and abundance predominantly displayed a negative association with conductivity levels. Current management practices for garden ponds are highly variable, often focussed on individual ponds. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that management should focus on making garden pond surface areas as large as possible, ensure that there is a wide variety of native aquatic plant species present and manage conductivity levels. Garden ponds likely comprise a significant component of the urban freshwater network, and considering their management at both local and landscape scales will ensure that biotic communities inhabiting urban landscapes can be more effectively supported.<br><br>©The Authors, CC BY 4.0

《花园池塘中水生大型无脊椎动物（macroinvertebrate）多样性的环境相关性：对池塘管理的启示》一文的补充文件。花园池塘是城市景观中普遍存在的特征，可作为生物多样性的重要资源。然而，迄今为止，影响花园池塘内生态群落的环境和空间因素尚未得到充分量化，尽管此类证据对于制定支持生物多样性的有效管理策略至关重要。本研究旨在识别影响花园池塘间大型无脊椎动物丰富度、多度及组成变异的环境和空间因素，并在局部和景观尺度上提供管理建议。从30个花园池塘中共记录到99种大型无脊椎动物类群（taxa）。花园池塘中，生态独特性（以局部Beta多样性贡献值衡量）与分类群丰富度之间存在负相关关系；生态独特性高的池塘通常表现出较高的替换（周转）值。表面积、植物总丰富度和非本地植物丰富度与大型无脊椎动物丰富度呈正相关关系。分类群丰富度和多度主要与电导率水平呈负相关关系。目前花园池塘的管理实践差异很大，通常侧重于单个池塘。基于本研究结果，我们建议管理应侧重于尽可能扩大花园池塘的表面积、确保存在多种本地水生植物物种，并管理电导率水平。花园池塘可能是城市淡水网络的重要组成部分，同时从局部和景观尺度考虑其管理，将确保栖息于城市景观中的生物群落得到更有效的支持。<br><br>©作者，CC BY 4.0