Longitudinal panel study data on household welfare, water resource management and governance in Kenya 2013-2016

This dataset comprises of a longitudinal panel study monitoring socio-economic status and management of household water resources in Kwale County Kenya from 2013 to 2016. A sample of 531 handpump locations was used as a sampling frame for three rounds of household surveys in 2013/14 (November-January), 2015 (March-May) and 2016 (September-November). GSM-enabled transmitters (Thomson et al. 2012) were installed on 300 operational handpumps to provide daily usage data. The survey generated a comprehensive dataset capturing information on a) demographic characteristics, b) socio-economic status of the household, c) household health status, d) main and secondary household water sources, e) waterpoint management, f) water payment, g) water resources management as well as h) governance and political engagement for each household.<p>Improved understanding of groundwater risks and institutional responses against competing growth and development goals is central to accelerating and sustaining Africa's development. Africa's groundwater systems are a critical but poorly understood socio-ecological system. Explosive urban growth, irrigated agricultural expansion, industrial pollution, untapped mineral wealth, rural neglect and environmental risks often converge to increase the complexity and urgency of governance challenges across Africa's groundwater systems. These Africa-wide opportunities and trade-offs are reflected in Kenya where the government's unifying Vision 2030 aims to double the irrigated agricultural area whilst simultaneously promoting the growth of high-value mineral resources. Institutional capacity to govern interactions between economic activities, water resource demands and poverty outcomes are currently constrained by insufficient knowledge and lack of effective management tools. The overarching project aim is to design, test and transfer a novel, interdisciplinary and replicable Groundwater Risk Management tool to improve governance transformations to balance economic growth, groundwater sustainability and human development trade-offs.
The project will make four major contributions to support interdisciplinary science and governance of managing groundwater risks for growth and development in Africa:
a) An automated, daily monitoring network for shallow groundwater levels - the first system of its kind in the world and replicable at scale.
b) A new Groundwater Risk Management Tool which is transferable and sustainable in Africa.
c) New epidemiological insights into the health impacts of faulty or intermittent water supplies.
d) Improved theory and evidence of groundwater governance and poverty pathways.</p>

本数据集包含一项纵向面板研究，旨在监测2013年至2016年肯尼亚夸莱县（Kwale County）的社会经济状况及家庭水资源管理情况。研究以531个手动泵位置为抽样框架，分别于2013/14年度（11月-1月）、2015年（3月-5月）及2016年（9月-11月）开展了三轮家庭调查。300个运行中的手动泵上安装了支持GSM的发射器（Thomson et al. 2012），以提供日常使用数据。调查生成的综合数据集涵盖以下信息：a) 人口特征；b) 家庭社会经济状况；c) 家庭健康状况；d) 家庭主要及次要水源；e) 供水点管理；f) 水费支付；g) 水资源管理；以及h) 每个家庭的治理与政治参与情况。

加深对地下水风险的理解，以及针对相互竞争的增长与发展目标制定制度响应，是加速并维持非洲发展的核心。非洲的地下水系统是一个关键但认知不足的社会生态系统（socio-ecological system）。快速的城市扩张、灌溉农业发展、工业污染、未开发的矿产资源、农村地区的忽视及环境风险往往交织在一起，加剧了非洲地下水系统治理挑战的复杂性与紧迫性。这些非洲范围内的机遇与权衡在肯尼亚有所体现——该国政府的《2030愿景》（Vision 2030）旨在将灌溉农业面积翻倍，同时推动高价值矿产资源的增长。当前，管理经济活动、水资源需求与贫困结果之间相互作用的制度能力，受到知识不足及缺乏有效管理工具的制约。项目的总体目标是设计、测试并推广一种新颖、跨学科且可复制的地下水风险管理工具（Groundwater Risk Management Tool），以改善治理转型，平衡经济增长、地下水可持续性与人类发展之间的权衡。

项目将为支持非洲地下水风险管控的跨学科科学与治理做出四大贡献：
a) 自动化浅层地下水水位日常监测网络——这是世界上首个此类系统，且可大规模复制；
b) 新的地下水风险管理工具，在非洲具备可转让性与可持续性；
c) 关于故障或间歇性供水对健康影响的新流行病学见解；
d) 完善地下水治理与贫困路径的理论及证据。