Main characteristics of bone microstructure.

Radiation exposure of the hematopoietic system that results in a radiation dose to bone marrow of more than 100 mGy leads to an increase in the risk of leukemia in humans. Excess relative risk of leukemia was observed in cohorts whose members lived in the territories of the Southern Urals that were radioactively contaminated in the 1950s. As part of the dosimetric support of epidemiological studies of these cohorts, an original methodology for stochastic bone dosimetric modeling was developed, termed the Stochastic Parametric Skeletal Dosimetry (SPSD) model. The purpose of this work was to present the anatomical and morphological bases of the SPSD model, which includes an assessment of the parameters of the microstructure of the trabecular bone in the hematopoietic areas of the human skeleton, as well as a description of the macrostructural division (segmentation) of hematopoietic areas into simple bone segments. As a result, an anatomical-morphological basis of the SPSD model was created based on published data. Data collection work included the analysis of original articles, atlases, manuals, monographs and the formation of primary data files. Data on the duration of hematopoiesis in various parts of the skeleton; and data on age-related changes in the microstructure and linear dimensions of human bones and their segments were analyzed. The paper describes the full set of parameters to be used for the dosimetric model for newborns, children aged 1, 5 and 10 years, as well as for adolescents aged 15 years and adults; for the latter, sex differences in bone size were considered. In total, the SPSD model includes 289 unique basic (bone) phantom segments, each of which is described by 7 or more parameters describing the microstructure, thickness of the cortical layer and linear dimensions. Population variability was estimated for each parameter. The approach to SPSD modeling, i.e., the use of simple geometric shapes, was successfully verified using independent datasets on bone masses and volumes.

当造血系统遭受辐射且骨髓吸收剂量超过100毫戈瑞（mGy）时，人类罹患白血病的风险将显著升高。在1950年代遭受放射性污染的南乌拉尔地区居民队列中，观测到了白血病超额相对风险。作为这些队列流行病学研究的剂量学支撑工作的一部分，研究人员开发了一种原创的骨骼随机剂量学建模方法，命名为随机参数骨骼剂量学（Stochastic Parametric Skeletal Dosimetry, SPSD）模型。本研究旨在阐述SPSD模型的解剖学与形态学基础，该模型包含对人体骨骼造血区域的松质骨微观结构参数的评估，以及对造血区域进行宏观结构划分（分割）为简单骨骼节段的相关描述。最终，研究团队基于已发表的数据构建了SPSD模型的解剖-形态学基础。数据收集工作涵盖了对原创论文、图谱、手册、专著的分析，并形成了原始数据文件。研究分析了骨骼各部位造血持续时长，以及人类骨骼及其节段的微观结构、线性尺寸随年龄变化的相关数据。本文详述了适用于新生儿、1岁、5岁、10岁儿童，以及15岁青少年与成人的剂量学模型全套参数；针对成人群体，研究还考量了骨骼尺寸的性别差异。总体而言，SPSD模型共包含289个独立的基础（骨骼）体模节段，每个节段均由7项及以上参数进行描述，涵盖微观结构、皮质层厚度与线性尺寸等维度。研究对每个参数的人群变异性进行了评估。SPSD建模所采用的简单几何形状建模方法，已通过独立的骨骼质量与体积数据集完成了有效性验证。