Data_Sheet_2_Divergence of Fecal Microbiota and Their Associations With Host Phylogeny in Cervinae.PDF

Gastrointestinal microbiota may shape the adaptation of their hosts to different habitats and lifestyles, thereby driving their evolutionary diversification. It remains unknown if gastrointestinal microbiota diverge in congruence with the phylogenetic relationships of their hosts. To evaluate the phylosymbiotic relationships, here we analyzed the compositions of fecal microbiota of seven Cervinae species raised in the Chengdu Zoo. All sampled animals were kept in the same environmental condition and fed identical fodder for years. Results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant in their fecal microbiota. Even though some bacteria (e.g., Ruminococcaceae) were found to be common in the feces of all investigated species, some genera (e.g., Sharpea and Succinivibrio) were only observed in animals with particular digestive systems. As for the intraspecies variations of microbial communities, only a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared among replicates of the same host species although they accounted for most of the total abundance. Correlation was observed between the fecal microbiota divergence and host phylogeny, but they were not congruent completely. This may shed new light on the coevolution of host species and their microbiota.

胃肠道微生物群（gastrointestinal microbiota）可塑造宿主对不同生境与生活方式的适应性，进而推动宿主的进化分化。目前尚不清楚胃肠道微生物群的分化是否与宿主的系统发育关系相契合。为评估系统发育共生（phylosymbiotic）关系，本研究对成都动物园饲养的7种鹿亚科（Cervinae）动物的粪便微生物群组成进行了分析。所有受试动物均在相同环境条件下饲养，并多年饲喂完全一致的日粮。研究结果显示，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）与拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为其粪便微生物群的优势类群。尽管部分细菌类群（如瘤胃球菌科（Ruminococcaceae））在所有受试物种的粪便中均普遍存在，但部分菌属（如夏普菌属（Sharpea）与琥珀酸弧菌属（Succinivibrio））仅在具有特定消化系统的动物体内被检出。关于微生物群落的种内变异，尽管同一宿主物种的重复样本间共享的操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units, OTUs）仅占少数，但这些OTUs却占据了总丰度的绝大部分。粪便微生物群分化与宿主系统发育之间存在相关性，但二者并未完全契合。本研究或为宿主物种与其微生物群的协同进化研究提供新的视角。