Data from: Shifts in diversification rates and host jump frequencies shaped the diversity of host range among Sclerotiniaceae fungal plant pathogens

The range of hosts that a parasite can infect in nature is a trait
determined by its own evolutionary history and that of its potential
hosts. However, knowledge on host range diversity and evolution at the
family level is often lacking. Here, we investigate host range variation
and diversification trends within the Sclerotiniaceae, a family of
Ascomycete fungi. Using a phylogenetic framework, we associate
diversification rates, the frequency of host jump events, and host range
variation during the evolution of this family. Variations in
diversification rate during the evolution of the Sclerotiniaceae define
three major macro-evolutionary regimes with contrasted proportions of
species infecting a broad range of hosts. Host-parasite co-phylogenetic
analyses pointed towards parasite radiation on distant hosts long after
host speciation (host jump or duplication events) as the dominant mode of
association with plants in the Sclerotiniaceae. The intermediate
macro-evolutionary regime showed a low diversification rate, high
frequency of duplication events, and the highest proportion of broad host
range species. Our findings suggest that the emergence of broad host range
fungal pathogens results largely from host jumps, as previously reported
for oomycete parasites, probably combined with low speciation rates. These
results have important implications for our understanding of fungal
parasites evolution and are of particular relevance for the durable
management of disease epidemics.

自然界中寄生虫可感染的宿主范围是由其自身及潜在宿主的进化史共同决定的性状。然而，关于科水平宿主范围多样性及进化的知识往往存在缺失。本文探究了核盘菌科（Sclerotiniaceae）——一类子囊菌真菌（Ascomycete fungi）家族——内部的宿主范围变异及多样化趋势。借助系统发育框架，我们关联了该科进化过程中的多样化速率、宿主跳跃事件（host jump events）频率与宿主范围变异。核盘菌科进化期间多样化速率的变化定义了三种主要宏观进化模式，各模式下感染广谱宿主的物种比例存在显著差异。宿主-寄生虫共系统发育分析（co-phylogenetic analyses）指出，宿主物种形成后很久，寄生虫在远缘宿主上的辐射（表现为宿主跳跃或复制事件）是核盘菌科与植物建立关联的主导模式。其中，中间宏观进化模式呈现低多样化速率、高复制事件频率，且广宿主范围物种占比最高。研究结果表明，广宿主范围真菌病原体的出现主要源于宿主跳跃（正如先前卵菌寄生虫研究所报道的），可能还结合了低物种形成速率。这些发现对理解真菌寄生虫的进化具有重要意义，尤其与疾病流行的持久管理密切相关。