Renal arteriovenous fistula after renal biopsy: a case report and literature review

Abstract Acquired renal arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are rare conditions in which an anomalous connection arises between the arterial and venous systems. Renal AVFs can be classified into three main groups: idiopathic, congenital, and acquired, the last of which are the most common. Incidence has been increasing, due to the growing number of renal biopsies. Although the renal biopsy procedure is relatively safe nowadays, one possible complication is formation of an AVF in the renal vascular territory. Treatment of renal AVF is widely discussed in the literature and a variety of treatment methods can be employed. We report a case of arteriovenous fistula after renal biopsy that was successfully treated with endovascular coil embolization.

摘要
获得性肾动静脉瘘（AVF）是一类罕见病症，指动脉与静脉系统之间存在异常连通。肾动静脉瘘可分为三大类：特发性、先天性与获得性，其中获得性肾动静脉瘘最为常见。近年来随着肾活检手术例数增多，该病发病率呈上升趋势。尽管当前肾活检手术相对安全，但仍可能出现一种并发症：肾血管区域内形成动静脉瘘。目前学界已就肾动静脉瘘的治疗方案展开广泛讨论，可采用多种治疗手段。本文报告1例肾活检术后并发动静脉瘘，经血管内弹簧圈栓塞术成功治愈的病例。