Student engagement dimensions and items.

Student engagement is a crucial indicator of academic success, quality education, and overall development, encompassing behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions. This study aimed to investigate the levels and key determinants of engagement among international undergraduate students in China, to gain a deeper understanding of the individual and contextual factors that shape their learning experiences. Data were collected from 721 international students enrolled in 21 non-double-first-class universities in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces, using a structured questionnaire adapted from the National Survey of Student Engagement-China, the China College Student Survey, and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. The results revealed a moderate level of overall engagement (M = 4.02 on a 5-point scale), with emotional engagement scoring the highest (M = 4.10), followed by behavioral (M = 3.99) and cognitive engagement (M = 3.98). A gender-based analysis revealed significant differences in cognitive performance (p

学生参与度（Student engagement）是学术成就、优质教育与全面发展的关键指标，涵盖行为、认知与情感三个维度。本研究旨在探究中国境内国际本科生的参与度水平及其关键影响因素，以深入剖析塑造其学习体验的个体与情境层面因素。本研究采用改编自《中国学生参与度全国调查》（National Survey of Student Engagement-China）、《中国大学生调查》及《学习动机策略问卷》（Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire）的结构化问卷，从云南省与广西壮族自治区的21所非双一流高校的721名国际本科生中采集数据。研究结果显示，整体学生参与度处于中等水平（5分量表中均值为4.02），其中情感参与度得分最高（均值4.10），其次为行为参与度（均值3.99）与认知参与度（均值3.98）。基于性别的分析显示，认知表现存在显著差异（p