Portrait of poet V.V. Mayakovsky

A.P. Kibalnikov. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (19 July [O.S. 7 July] 1893 – 14 April 1930) was a Russian Soviet poet, playwright, artist, and actor. During his early, pre-Revolution period leading into 1917, Mayakovsky became renowned as a prominent figure of the Russian Futurist movement, being among the signers of the Futurist manifesto, A Slap in the Face of Public Taste (1913), and authoring poems such as A Cloud in Trousers (1915) and Backbone Flute (1916). Mayakovsky produced a large and diverse body of work during the course of his career: he wrote poems, wrote and directed plays, appeared in films, edited the art journal LEF, and created agitprop posters in support of the Communist Party during the Russian Civil War. Though Mayakovsky's work regularly demonstrated ideological and patriotic support for the ideology of the Communist Party and a strong admiration of Vladimir Lenin, Mayakovsky's relationship with the Soviet state was always complex and often tumultuous. Mayakovsky often found himself engaged in confrontation with the increasing involvement of the Soviet State in cultural censorship and the development of the State doctrine of Socialist realism. Works that contained criticism or satire of aspects of the Soviet system, such as the poem Talking With the Taxman About Poetry (1926), and the plays The Bedbug (1929) and The Bathhouse (1929), were met with scorn by the Soviet state and literary establishment.In 1930 Mayakovsky committed suicide. Even after death his relationship with the Soviet state remained unsteady. Though Mayakovsky had previously been harshly criticized by Soviet governmental bodies like the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP), Joseph Stalin posthumously declared Mayakovsky the best and the most talented poet of our Soviet epoch.A.P. 基巴尔尼科夫（A.P. Kibalnikov）所撰：弗拉基米尔·弗拉基米罗维奇·马雅可夫斯基（Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky，1893年7月19日[旧历7月7日]—1930年4月14日）是俄苏时期诗人、剧作家、艺术家与演员。在1917年革命前的早期阶段，马雅可夫斯基便已跻身俄国未来主义运动的核心人物之列，声名鹊起；他是未来主义宣言《给公众口味的一记耳光》（A Slap in the Face of Public Taste，1913年）的签署者之一，还创作了《穿裤子的云》（A Cloud in Trousers，1915年）与《脊柱横笛》（Backbone Flute，1916年）等诗作。马雅可夫斯基在其创作生涯中产出了大量体裁多元的作品：他创作诗歌，编写并执导戏剧，参演电影，主编艺术期刊《LEF》，并在俄国内战期间创作宣传鼓动海报以支持共产党。尽管马雅可夫斯基的作品始终彰显出对共产主义意识形态的思想认同与爱国热忱，以及对弗拉基米尔·列宁的深切敬仰，但他与苏维埃国家的关系始终复杂且时常动荡。马雅可夫斯基屡屡卷入与苏维埃国家日益强化的文化审查制度，以及社会主义现实主义国家文艺纲领的交锋之中。那些对苏联体制的某些方面带有批判或讽刺意味的作品，如诗作《与税管员谈诗》（Talking With the Taxman About Poetry，1926年）、戏剧《臭虫》（The Bedbug，1929年）与《澡堂》（The Bathhouse，1929年），均遭到苏联官方与文学界的鄙夷与抨击。1930年，马雅可夫斯基自杀身亡。即便在身后，他与苏维埃国家的关系也始终波折不断。尽管此前苏联官方机构如俄罗斯无产阶级作家协会（RAPP）曾对其予以严厉批判，但约瑟夫·斯大林却在其身后追认马雅可夫斯基为"苏维埃时代最优秀、最具天赋的诗人"。