Approximate mutant frequencies at mutation–selection balance.

Ploidy is c = 2n (n ≥ 1) in the polyploid cases, is the per-copy mutation rate, and s is the cost of the mutation in homozygotes (in heterozygotes, the cost is masked in the recessive case but expressed in the dominant case).

倍性（Ploidy）在多倍体情形下满足c = 2n（n ≥ 1）；每拷贝突变率为对应参数，s代表纯合子中突变的代价：在杂合子中，隐性突变的该代价会被掩盖，显性突变的该代价则得以表达。