Technology transfer from Nordic capital parenting companies to Lithuanian and Estonian subsidiaries or joint capital com-panies: the analysis of the obtained primary data

Scientific literature describes various factors influencing knowledge transfer and successful adoption, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation. These four components are mostly related to the absorptive capacity of the company. However, more factors influence both developments of innovations or patents and the lack of ability to use external and internal information (knowledge). Using external knowledge is often associated with previous experience or even a point of view towards investment in innovation or developing patents. Thus, the companies might be divided into innovators and imitators. The research addresses several problems (questions). What external factors are influencing knowledge transfer and further development of innovation? What factors are influencing absorptive capacity? What factors are essential in cooperation and knowledge transfer to switch from a linear to a circular economy? To collect data, a computer-assisted telephone interviewing method was used. The survey was addressed to subsidiaries, joint companies, Lithuanian-Nordic, Estonian-Nordic capital companies, or companies in close collaboration with the Nordic countries. 158 companies from Estonia and Lithuania agreed to answer all questions. The survey involves companies of various sizes and ages from different business sectors. Reliability was denoted as Cronbach's alpha has been estimated. KMO test was used to measure whether data is suitable for principal component analysis.

  Additionally, PCA was performed. PCA reduced the number of variables into an extracted number of components. The separate row of the component defined a linear composite of the component score that would be the expected value of associated variable. The data set may be used to develop interlinkages among the research mentioned above questions, and results of introducing innovation, the company's size, and age might be used as control variables. The article aims to analyze factors determining innovation development and their interlinkages while technology is transferred from Nordic parenting companies to the subsidiaries. The article's results contribute to the interdisciplinary knowledge transfer, innovations, and internationalization field.

学术文献已对影响知识转移，以及知识成功采纳、同化、转化与利用的各类因素展开了诸多探讨。上述四大环节大多与企业的吸收能力（absorptive capacity）息息相关。然而，另有更多因素同时影响创新或专利的研发，以及企业对外部与内部信息（知识）的利用能力不足问题。企业对外部知识的利用往往与其过往经验，乃至其对创新投资或专利研发的态度息息相关。据此，企业可划分为创新型企业与模仿型企业两类。本研究聚焦于以下若干问题：哪些外部因素会影响知识转移与创新的后续研发？哪些因素会对企业吸收能力产生影响？在从线性经济转向循环经济的过程中，哪些因素对合作与知识转移至关重要？本次研究采用计算机辅助电话访谈（computer-assisted telephone interviewing）法收集数据，调研对象包括子公司、合资企业、立陶宛-北欧资本企业、爱沙尼亚-北欧资本企业，以及与北欧国家存在紧密合作的企业。最终共有来自爱沙尼亚与立陶宛的158家企业同意完整回答所有调研问题，样本覆盖不同业务领域、规模与成立年限的企业。研究通过克朗巴哈α系数（Cronbach's alpha）评估数据信度，并采用KMO检验（Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin检验）判断数据是否适用于主成分分析。

此外，本研究执行了主成分分析（PCA）：PCA将变量维度缩减为若干提取出的主成分，每个主成分对应一行线性合成的主成分得分，该得分即为相关变量的期望值。本数据集可用于梳理上述研究问题间的内在关联，且企业的创新引入情况、规模与成立年限均可作为控制变量使用。本研究旨在分析北欧母公司向子公司转移技术过程中，决定创新研发的各类因素及其内在关联。本研究成果可为跨学科的知识转移、创新与国际化领域提供理论补充。