ETHNIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION OF THE JEWISH DIASPORA IN TURKESTAN

This article examines the processes of formation and development of the Jewish diaspora in Central Asia, particularly in the region of Turkestan. The study analyzes the ethnocultural differentiation of Jewish communities, including Ashkenazi, Bukharan, Tat, Krymchak, and Karaite groups, focusing on their origins, linguistic features, and religious traditions. Special attention is given to the impact of the national policies of the Russian Empire and the Soviet period on the social structure and identity of the Jewish population. The article also explores the socio-economic activities, migration processes, and levels of cultural integration of Jewish communities in the region. The findings suggest that the Jewish population of Turkestan evolved from a relatively unified confessional group into a complex ethnocultural system, shaped by broader historical and political transformations.本文探讨了中亚地区，特别是突厥斯坦（Turkestan）境内犹太散居群体的形成与发展历程。本研究分析了该地区犹太社群的族裔文化分化现象，涵盖阿什肯纳兹（Ashkenazi）、布哈拉（Bukharan）、塔特（Tat）、克里姆查克（Krymchak）以及卡拉伊（Karaite）五大族群，重点考察其起源、语言特征与宗教传统。研究特别关注俄罗斯帝国与苏联时期的民族政策对犹太人口社会结构与身份认同的影响。此外，本文还探讨了该区域犹太社群的社会经济活动、迁徙进程以及文化融合水平。研究结果显示，突厥斯坦的犹太人口从相对统一的宗教信仰共同体，演变为受更广泛历史与政治变革塑造的复杂族裔文化系统。