Table 1 in Resolving the Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) cryptic species complex: five sisters, three of them new

Table 1. Key characters that distinguish the species of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840 in the Mediterranean Sea, the Northeast and Tropical Atlantic Ocean, formerly included in a cryptic complex under the name O. longicauda (Bruzelius, 1805). For O. guineense Greeff, 1882, the highest numbers of arm spines are from the syntypes. DAP = dorsal arm plate. O. longicaudaO. guineenseO. africana sp. nov.O. hybrida sp. nov.O. zibrowii sp. nov.Dorsal arm platesmultiplemostly singlemostly single, but two pieces commonoften ≥ 2 pieces, sometimes singlesingleDAP thicknesstumidflatflatflat to weakly tumidflatArm spines7–108–1387–107Radial shieldcoveredcoveredcoveredusually coveredusually nakedDorsal colourreddish dark browndark greyish or greenish brown, dark or white spots and dark rings on disc, DAP distal edge spotted white and darkdark brown, sometimes spotted disc, black spots along DAP distal edgebrown/olive, white pattern on disc, white spots along DAP distal edgegreenish brown/olive, white spots along DAP distal edgeVentral disc colouras dorsal disclight green or creamas dorsal discas dorsal discas dorsal discOral papillae8987–108Reproduction timeJuly/August?August?May/JuneReproduction modebroadcast spawnerlikely broadcast spawnerbroadcast spawnerlikely brooderbrooder表1 地中海、东北大西洋及热带大西洋海域阳遂足属（Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840）物种的鉴别关键性状——此前该类群曾以长肢阳遂足（O. longicauda (Bruzelius, 1805)）之名被归入一个隐存复合类群中。 注：针对几内亚阳遂足（O. guineense Greeff, 1882），其腕棘数量最多的统计值来自其合模标本。DAP=背腕板（dorsal arm plate）。 | 鉴别性状 | 长肢阳遂足（O. longicauda） | 几内亚阳遂足（O. guineense） | 非洲阳遂足新种（O. africana sp. nov.） | 杂交阳遂足新种（O. hybrida sp. nov.） | 齐布罗伊阳遂足新种（O. zibrowii sp. nov.） | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 背腕板 | 多块 | 大多为单块 | 大多为单块，但两块情况常见 | 常≥2块，偶见单块 | 单块 | | 背腕板厚度 | 肥厚 | 扁平 | 扁平 | 扁平至稍隆起 | 扁平 | | 腕棘数量 | 7~10 | 8~13 | 8 | 7~10 | 7 | | 辐盾 | 被覆盖 | 被覆盖 | 被覆盖 | 通常被覆盖 | 通常裸露 | | 背面体色 | 红暗棕色 | 暗灰褐或绿褐色，体盘具深色/白色斑点及深色环纹，背腕板远端边缘具黑白斑点 | 暗棕色，有时体盘具斑点，背腕板远端边缘具黑色斑点 | 棕/橄榄色，体盘具白色斑纹，背腕板远端边缘具白色斑点 | 绿褐/橄榄色，背腕板远端边缘具白色斑点 | | 腹面体盘体色 | 与背面体色一致 | 淡绿或奶油色 | 与背面体色一致 | 与背面体色一致 | 与背面体色一致 | | 口乳头数量 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 7~10 | 8 | | 繁殖时间 | 7月/8月？ | 8月？ | 5月/6月 | 未明确标注 | 未明确标注 | | 繁殖方式 | 体外产卵型 | 疑似体外产卵型 | 体外产卵型 | 疑似育幼型 | 育幼型 |