Rainfall experiment 2 conducted in a large seawater tank with three different nozzle types and rain intensities, and added turbulence - air temperature measurement

We provide data from experiments with artificial rain over a 5100-liter basin with a retractable roof, where temperature and conductivity (to calculate salinity) were measured at different depths in the upper sea surface, as well as rain properties (intensity, rain temperature, droplet size and velocity). Three different nozzle types were used to investigate the impacts of droplet properties on temperature and salinity anomalies at the sea surface. To measure droplet sizes and velocities, we made calibration measurements with an optical laser disdrometer before the actual experiments. In the first experiments, we excluded external influences such as wind-driven mixing to show on a very small vertical and horizontal scale how very different rainfall intensities and properties such as droplet sizes and velocities affect sea surface temperature and salinity. In a second series of experiments, we used different stages of a flow pump to add turbulence to the basin and find out how quickly the rain water mixes with the seawater at the near-surface layer. The duration of the artificial rain was 15 minutes for all experiments. We used an acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) to calculate turbulent kinetic energy at two different depths (14 and 44 cm) within the basin. Additional samples from the sea surface microlayer (SML) were collected before and after the artificial rain in both experiments.

本数据集提供了在配备可伸缩顶盖的5100升水槽中开展人工降雨实验的相关实测数据：实验期间于模拟海水的上层不同深度处测量了温度与电导率（用于计算盐度），同时同步记录了降雨特性参数，包括降雨强度、雨滴温度、雨滴粒径与降落速度。本研究选用三种不同类型的喷嘴，旨在探究雨滴特性对模拟海面温度与盐度异常的影响规律。为精准测定雨滴粒径与降落速度，正式实验前我们利用光学激光雨滴谱仪完成了系统校准标定。首轮实验中，我们排除了风力扰动混合等外部干扰因素，旨在于极小的垂直与水平尺度下，阐明不同降雨强度及雨滴粒径、降落速度等特性对模拟海面温度与盐度的影响机制。在第二轮系列实验中，我们通过流量泵的不同运行档位向水槽引入湍流，以探明近表层水体中雨水与模拟海水的混合速率。所有实验的人工降雨时长均为15分钟。我们采用声学多普勒流速仪（Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter, ADV）测量了水槽内两处不同深度（14cm与44cm）的湍流动能。两轮实验中，我们均在人工降雨前后采集了海面微层（Sea Surface Microlayer, SML）的额外样本。