Insulin Signaling

In physiological conditions, insulin controls critical energy functions such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Insulin binds and activates the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IR), which phosphorylates and recruits different substrate adaptors. Tyrosine phosphorylated substrates, in turn, act as scaffolds for numerous partners, initiating a signaling cascade that involve via PI3K/Akt and Ras/MAP kinase pathways.

在生理条件下，胰岛素可调控葡萄糖与脂质代谢等关键能量代谢功能。胰岛素结合并激活胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶（insulin receptor tyrosine kinase，IR），后者可磷酸化并募集多种底物适配蛋白。经酪氨酸磷酸化的底物继而作为众多伴侣分子的支架，启动一条经由PI3K/Akt与Ras/MAP激酶通路的信号级联反应。