Data from: Modeling intraspecific adaptation of Abies sachalinensis to local altitude and responses to global warming, based on a 36-year reciprocal transplant experiment

Intraspecific adaptation in Abies sachalinensis was examined using models based on long-term monitoring data gathered during a reciprocal transplant experiment with eight seed source populations and six transplantation sites along an altitudinal gradient. The consequence of local adaptation was evaluated by testing the home-site advantage for upslope and downslope transplants at five ages. The populations’ fitness-linked trait was set as their productivity (tree height ×survival rate) at each age. The effects of global warming were evaluated on the basis of the 36-year performance of downslope transplants. Evidence was found for adaptive genetic variation affecting both height and survival from an early age. Increasing the distance between seed source and planting site significantly reduced productivity for both upslope and downslope transplantation, demonstrating the existence of a significant home-site advantage. The decrease in productivity was most distinct for upslope transplantations, indicating strong local adaptation to high altitudes. Global warming is predicted to increase the productivity of high-altitude populations. However, due to their existing local adaptation, all tested populations exhibited lower productivity under warming than demes that were optimal for the new climate. These negative predictions should be considered when planning the management of locally-adapted plant species such as A. sachalinensis.

本研究以沿海拔梯度布设的8个种源种群、6个移栽位点的互易移植试验（reciprocal transplant experiment）长期监测数据为基础，构建模型对萨哈林冷杉（Abies sachalinensis）的种内适应性展开探究。研究通过检验5个树龄级的上坡、下坡移栽个体的本地生境优势（home-site advantage），评估了本地适应性的效应；以各树龄下的生产力（树高×存活率）作为种群的适合度相关性状。基于下坡移栽个体的36年生长表现，本研究还评估了全球变暖的影响效应。结果发现，存在从幼龄阶段即影响树高与存活率的适应性遗传变异；种源地与移栽位点的距离增加会显著降低上坡与下坡移栽个体的生产力，证实了显著的本地生境优势的存在。其中上坡移栽个体的生产力下降最为显著，表明萨哈林冷杉对高海拔生境存在较强的本地适应性。据预测，全球变暖将提升高海拔种群的生产力；然而，由于已有的本地适应性，所有受试居群（deme）在变暖情境下的生产力均低于适配新气候的最优居群。在规划萨哈林冷杉这类具有本地适应性的植物物种的管理方案时，应纳入这些负面预测结果。