工程导向固体超滑(超低摩擦)研究进展

实现“零”摩擦磨损是润滑的终极目标，是保障机械系统高精度、高可靠、长寿命稳定运行和促进节能减排的关键之一. 超滑，工程上称之为“超低摩擦”，从理论模拟计算开始，人们对超滑的认识和理解日益加深，但工程导向的固体超滑实现是极具挑战的技术问题. 目前能够实现工程尺度固体超滑的材料候选者主要有有序二维材料和碳薄膜. 本文作者从原理、试验到工程应用分别综述了这些材料的研究发展现状，并总结了工程导向超滑存在的问题，并对其未来的发展方向做出展望.

Achieving "zero" friction and wear is the ultimate goal of lubrication, and it is also one of the key factors ensuring the stable operation of mechanical systems with high precision, high reliability and long service life, as well as promoting energy conservation and emission reduction. Superlubricity, which is referred to as "ultra-low friction" in engineering, has been increasingly recognized and understood by researchers since the beginning of theoretical simulation calculations. However, the realization of engineering-oriented solid superlubricity remains a highly challenging technical issue. At present, the main material candidates capable of achieving solid superlubricity at the engineering scale are ordered two-dimensional materials and carbon films. This paper reviews the research and development status of these materials across principles, experiments and engineering applications, summarizes the existing problems in engineering-oriented superlubricity, and presents an outlook on its future development directions.