Development and Preliminary Validation of the Drinking Expectancy Sexual Vulnerabilities Questionnaire (DESV-Q): A Purpose-Specific Instrument for Rape-Perception Research

Background: Alcohol expectancies likely play a role in people's perceptions of alcohol-involved sexual violence. However, no appropriate measure exists to examine this link comprehensively. Objective: The aim of this research was to develop an alcohol expectancy measure which captures young adults' beliefs about alcohol's role in sexual aggression and victimization. Method: Two cross-sectional samples of young Australian adults (18–25 years) were recruited for scale development (Phase 1) and scale validation (Phase 2). In Phase 1, participants (N = 201; 38.3% males) completed an online survey with an initial pool of alcohol expectancy items stated in terms of three targets (self, men, women) to identify the scale's factor structure and most effective items. A revised alcohol expectancy scale was then administered online to 322 young adults (39.6% males) in Phase 2. To assess the predictive, convergent, and discriminant validity of the scale, participants also completed established measures of personality, social desirability, alcohol use, general and context-specific alcohol expectancies, and impulsiveness. Results: Principal axis factoring (Phase 1) and confirmatory factor analysis (Phase 2) resulted in a target-equivalent five-factor structure for the final 66-item Drinking Expectancy Sexual Vulnerabilities Questionnaire (DESV-Q). The factors were labeled (1) Sexual Coercion, (2) Sexual Vulnerability, (3) Confidence, (4) Self-Centeredness, and (5) Negative Cognitive and Behavioral Changes. The measure demonstrated effective items, high internal consistency, and satisfactory predictive, convergent, and discriminant validity. Conclusions: The DESV-Q is a purpose-specific instrument that could be used in future research to elucidate people's attributions for alcohol-involved sexual aggression and victimization.

背景：酒精预期（alcohol expectancies）或对个体涉酒精性暴力的认知产生影响，但目前尚无合适的测评工具可全面考察这一关联。
研究目的：本研究旨在开发一款酒精预期测评工具，用以捕捉年轻成年人关于酒精在性侵犯与性侵害受害中所起作用的认知。
方法：本研究招募两批澳大利亚年轻成年人（18~25岁）横断面样本，分别用于量表编制（阶段1）与量表验证（阶段2）。阶段1中，201名参与者（男性占比38.3%）完成在线调查，调研包含一组初始酒精预期条目，条目分别针对自我、男性、女性三类对象，以确定量表的因子结构与最优条目。随后阶段2中，研究人员对322名年轻成年人（男性占比39.6%）施测了修订后的酒精预期量表。为评估该量表的预测效度、会聚效度与区分效度，参与者同时完成了标准化的人格、社会期望性、酒精使用、一般性与情境特异性酒精预期以及冲动性相关测评工具。
结果：阶段1的主轴因子分析与阶段2的验证性因子分析结果显示，最终版66条目饮酒预期性侵害易感性问卷（Drinking Expectancy Sexual Vulnerabilities Questionnaire, DESV-Q）具备三类对象等效的五因子结构。各因子分别命名为：1. 性胁迫，2. 性侵害易感性，3. 自信心，4. 自我中心性，5. 消极认知与行为改变。该测评工具条目质量优良，内部一致性信度较高，且具备良好的预测效度、会聚效度与区分效度。
结论：DESV-Q是一款针对性明确的测评工具，可用于未来研究，以阐明个体对涉酒精性侵犯与性侵害受害的归因认知。