"Table 10" of "Properties of jet fragmentation using charged particles measured with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV"

CERN-LHC. This paper presents a measurement of quantities related to the formation of jets from high energy quarks and gluons (fragmentation). Jets with $100$ GeV $ 500$ MeV~and $|\eta| < 2.5$~are used to probe the detailed structure of the jet. The fragmentation properties of the more forward and the more central of the leading two jets from each event are studied. The data are unfolded to correct for detector resolution and acceptance effects. Comparisons to parton shower Monte Carlo generators indicate that existing models provide a reasonable description of the data across a wide range of phase space, but there are also significant differences. Furthermore, the data are interpreted in the context of quark- and gluon-initiated jets by exploiting the rapidity dependence of the jet flavor fraction. A first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity using model-independent jet labels (topic modeling) provides a promising alternative to traditional quark- and gluon- extractions using simulation input. The simulations provide a reasonable description of the quark-like data across the jet $p_\text{T}$ range presented in this measurement, but the gluon-like data have systematically fewer charged particles than the simulations. Uncertainties are broken down by category and should be treated as fully correlated between bins and between observables except for statistical uncertainties.

欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机（CERN-LHC）数据集。本论文针对高能夸克与胶子形成喷注（jet）即喷注碎裂（fragmentation）过程相关的物理量开展测量。选取横向动量满足$100 ext{GeV} < p_ ext{T} < 500 ext{GeV}$且快度绝对值$|eta| < 2.5$的喷注，用于探究喷注的精细内部结构。本研究分析每个对撞事件中两个领头喷注分别处于更向前与更中心区域时的喷注碎裂特性。对实验数据开展去折叠处理，以校正探测器分辨率与接收度效应带来的系统偏差。与部分子簇射型蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）发生器的对比结果显示，现有理论模型可在较宽相空间范围内较好描述实验数据，但二者间仍存在显著差异。此外，本研究利用喷注味组分随快度的依赖关系，将实验数据按夸克起源与胶子起源喷注进行分类阐释。本研究首次采用模型无关喷注标签（主题建模，topic modeling）方法测量带电粒子多重数，为替代传统依赖模拟输入的夸克与胶子甄别手段提供了极具前景的方案。蒙特卡洛模拟可在本测量覆盖的喷注横向动量范围内较好描述类夸克喷注数据，但类胶子喷注的带电粒子多重数系统性低于模拟结果。不确定度按类别拆分，除统计不确定度外，分箱间与可观测量间的不确定度均视为完全相关。