Mean annual climate and watershed properties for 121 reference USGS watersheds

This data release provides the underlying data for Kampf et al., in review: "Rethinking the role of the water balance in hydrologic research." Mean annual climatic variables based on the Northern Hemisphere water year (October 1 to September 30) and several watershed properties are provided for 121 USGS reference watersheds smaller than 1,000 square kilometers. For each climatic variable, mean annual values were derived from watershed average annual values.

The columns of the dataset are as follows:

SP- watershed averaged January 1 to July 1 snow persistence as in Hammond et al., 2018
P_mm - watershed averaged total water year precipitation from PRISM, Daly, 2013
Q_mm - total water year water yield from USGS NWIS
QdivP - runoff ratio, total water year water yield divided by total water year precipitation
PET - watershed averaged total water year potential evapotranspiration from gridMET - Abatzoglou, 2013
PdivPET - the ratio of total water year precipitation to total water year potential evapotranspiration from the sources above.
Elev_mean_m - GAGES-II, Falcone, 2011
Area_km2 - GAGES-II, Falcone, 2011

Abatzoglou, J. T. (2013). Development of gridded surface meteorological data for ecological applications and modelling. International Journal of Climatology, 33(1), 121–131.

Daly, C. (2013). Descriptions of PRISM spatial climate datasets for the conterminous United States (PRISM Doc., 14 p.). Corvallis, OR: PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University.

Falcone, J. A. (2011). GAGES-II: Geospatial attributes of gages for evaluating streamflow (Digit. Spat. Data set). Reston, VA: U.S. Geological
Survey.

Hammond, J. C., Saavedra, F. A., & Kampf, S. K. (2018). How does snow persistence relate to annual streamflow in mountain watersheds of the Western U.S. with wet maritime and dry continental climates? Water Resources Research, 54, 2605–2623. https://doi.org/10.1002/ 2017WR021899

本数据集发布为Kampf等人待审稿论文《重新思考水文研究中水平衡的作用》提供底层支撑数据。数据集基于北半球水文年（10月1日至次年9月30日）的年均气候变量，以及121个面积小于1000平方千米的美国地质调查局（USGS）基准流域的多项流域属性，所有气候变量的年均值均由流域年均值计算得到。

数据集包含以下字段：
SP-：流域平均的1月1日至7月1日积雪持续时长（snow persistence），参考Hammond等人2018年的研究
P_mm：基于PRISM（Daly, 2013）数据得到的流域平均总水文年降水量，单位为毫米
Q_mm：来自美国地质调查局国家水信息系统（USGS NWIS）的总水文年产水量，单位为毫米
QdivP：径流比，即总水文年产水量与总水文年降水量的比值
PET：基于gridMET（Abatzoglou, 2013）数据得到的流域平均总水文年潜在蒸散发量
PdivPET：总水文年降水量与总水文年潜在蒸散发量的比值，数据来源同上
Elev_mean_m：流域平均海拔（单位：米），数据来自GAGES-II（Falcone, 2011）
Area_km2：流域面积（单位：平方千米），数据来自GAGES-II（Falcone, 2011）

参考文献：
1. Abatzoglou, J. T. (2013). 面向生态应用与建模的网格化地表气象数据开发. 国际气候学杂志, 33(1), 121–131.
2. Daly, C. (2013). 美国本土PRISM空间气候数据集说明（PRISM文档，14页）. 俄勒冈州科瓦利斯：俄勒冈州立大学PRISM气候小组.
3. Falcone, J. A. (2011). GAGES-II：用于评估径流的测站地理空间属性（数字空间数据集）. 弗吉尼亚州雷斯顿：美国地质调查局.
4. Hammond, J. C., Saavedra, F. A., & Kampf, S. K. (2018). 美国西部山地流域在湿润海洋性与干燥大陆性气候下积雪持续时长与年径流量的关联. 水资源研究, 54, 2605–2623. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021899