Table_4_Contrasting Reproductive Strategies of Two Nymphaea Species Affect Existing Natural Genetic Diversity as Assessed by Microsatellite Markers: Implications for Conservation and Wetlands Restoration.XLSX

Nymphaea, commonly known as water lily, is the largest and most widely distributed genus in the order Nymphaeales. The importance of Nymphaea in wetland ecosystems and their increased vulnerability make them a great choice for conservation and management. In this work, we studied genetic diversity in a collection of 90 N. micrantha and 92 N. nouchali individuals from six different states of India, i.e., Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Goa, and Kerala, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed by low throughput Illumina sequencing (10X coverage of genome) of N. micrantha. Nymphaea nouchali is native to India, whereas N. micrantha is suggested to be introduced to the country for its aesthetic and cultural values. The study revealed extensive polymorphism in N. nouchali, while in N. micrantha, no apparent genetic divergence was detected prompting us to investigate the reason(s) by studying the reproductive biology of the two species. The study revealed that N. micrantha predominantly reproduces asexually which has impacted the genetic diversity of the species to a great extent. This observation is of immense importance for a successful re-establishment of Nymphaea species during restoration programs of wetlands. The information generated on reproductive behaviors and their association with genotypic richness can help in strategizing genetic resource conservation, especially for species with limited distribution. The study has also generated 22,268 non-redundant microsatellite loci, out of which, 143 microsatellites were tested for polymorphism and polymorphic markers were tested for transferability in five other Nymphaea species, providing genomic resources for further studies on this important genus.

睡莲属（Nymphaea），俗称睡莲（water lily），是睡莲目（Nymphaeales）中最大且分布最广的属。睡莲属在湿地生态系统中的重要性及其日益加剧的脆弱性，使其成为保护与管理研究的理想对象。本研究以印度阿萨姆、曼尼普尔、梅加拉亚、马哈拉施特拉、果阿及喀拉拉邦6个不同邦的90株细叶睡莲（N. micrantha）和92株蓝睡莲（N. nouchali）个体为研究材料，利用通过低通量Illumina测序（基因组覆盖度10X）开发的简单序列重复（Simple Sequence Repeat，SSR）标记开展遗传多样性分析。蓝睡莲（N. nouchali）为印度本土物种，而细叶睡莲（N. micrantha）则因观赏与文化价值被引入该国。研究发现蓝睡莲存在广泛的多态性，而细叶睡莲未检测到明显的遗传分化，这促使我们通过探究两个物种的生殖生物学来解析其背后成因。研究表明细叶睡莲主要以无性繁殖为主，这在极大程度上影响了该物种的遗传多样性水平。该发现对于湿地修复项目中成功重建睡莲属种群具有至关重要的意义。本研究获得的生殖行为信息及其与基因型丰富度的关联，可为遗传资源保护策略的制定提供参考，尤其针对分布范围有限的物种。本研究还开发了22268个非冗余微卫星位点，其中对143个微卫星位点进行了多态性验证，并在另外5种睡莲属物种中检测了多态性标记的转移性，为该重要类群的后续研究提供了基因组学资源。