Table_1_Arousal and Executive Alterations in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).pdf

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in childhood and can significantly affect a child’s personal and social development and academic achievement. Taking into account the model of attentional networks proposed by Posner et al., the aim of the present study was to review the literature regarding two main explicative models of ADHD, i.e., the inhibition model and the cognitive-energetic model, by discussing behavioral and neurological evidence of both models and the limitations of each model. The review highlights evidence that favors the energetic model and points to an unstable arousal as a potential pathogenetic factor in ADHD.

注意缺陷多动障碍（Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD）是儿童期最为常见的神经行为障碍，可对儿童的个人与社会发展及学业成就造成显著影响。本研究基于Posner等人提出的注意网络模型，旨在综述与ADHD相关的两类主流解释模型——抑制模型与认知能量模型的相关文献，同时探讨两类模型的行为学与神经学证据，以及各自存在的局限性。本综述明确了支持认知能量模型的相关证据，并提出不稳定的唤醒状态可能是ADHD的潜在致病因素。