A descriptive summary of the studies used in the meta-analysis.

Note: If a range of N was given, two numbers are presented, the smallest number of dogs used from one estimate and the largest number of dogs from another estimate. If authors concluded in their study that they had evidence for consistency for at least one trait, the study was given a ‘1’ for consistency; if authors concluded in their study that they lacked evidence for consistency of any trait, the study was given a ‘0’ for no consistency. Likewise, if authors concluded in their study that they had evidence for a lack of consistency for at least one trait, the study was given a ‘1’ for consistency; if authors concluded that there was at least one trait that was not consistent the study was given a ‘1’ for no consistency. In both cases (‘consistency’ or ‘no consistency’) a zero is given if the study did not report a consistent trait or a trait that was not consistent. A ‘1’ for Puppy test indicates that dogs were tested as puppies (

备注：若给定了N的取值范围，则将呈现两个数值，分别为两项独立估算中所采用的最小犬只样本量与最大犬只样本量。若某研究的作者在其研究中得出结论，称至少存在一种性状具有一致性的相关证据，则该研究的一致性评分记为‘1’；若作者得出结论，称未发现任何一种性状存在一致性的证据，则该研究的一致性评分记为‘0’。同理，若作者在研究中得出结论，称至少存在一种性状缺乏一致性的相关证据，则该研究的一致性评分记为‘1’；若作者得出结论，称至少存在一种性状不具备一致性，则该研究的无一致性评分记为‘1’。在上述两种情形（‘存在一致性’或‘不存在一致性’）下，若研究未报告某一一致性状或某一非一致性状，则评分为‘0’。‘幼犬测试（Puppy test）’评分为‘1’，代表受试犬只为幼犬（