Body size data of benthic foraminiferal specimens during the past extinction events and modern extinction risk

Data S1.  Raw data of benthic foraminiferal specimens during the past extinction events and modern extinction risk, including body size, geographic distribution, sample number, lithology, environment, and publication reference.

Data S2. Assessment of the species richness and geographic range of benthic foraminiferal genera during past extinctions and modern extinction risk. Body size is the mean of all specimens in each genus. Species richness is the number of named species per genus at each stage. Species without a species name or species designated indeterminate (e.g., sp. or spp.) are not counted. Geographic range is the number of equal geographic grid intervals in which each genus occurs at each stage. The "1" in the "Extinction" column indicates that the foraminifera became extinct during the mass extinctions, while the "0" indicates that the foraminifera survived the mass extinctions. Foraminiferal body size, species richness, and geographic distribution were gathered based on our body size database Data S1. Foraminiferal extinction data during past extinctions were taken from the Paleobiology Database (PBDB) (https://paleobiodb.org). The modern extinction risk is mainly classified according to IUCN Red List criterion A and B, namely, population reduction and extent of occurrence (61) (fig. S5). F-F, Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction; G-L, Guadalupian-Lopingian extinction; P-T, Permian-Triassic mass extinction; T-J, Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction; K-Pg, Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction.

Data S3. Code used for data analysis in this article. All analyses were conducted in R 4.3.2 (63).

Data S4. Mann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni correction results for size differences between extinct and survival genera in the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) and Triassic-Jurassic (T-J) mass extinction events based on 1000 bootstrap resampling iterations.

数据集S1：过去灭绝事件及现代灭绝风险背景下的底栖有孔虫（benthic foraminifera）标本原始数据，包含体型、地理分布、样本量、岩性、栖息环境及参考文献。

数据集S2：针对过去灭绝事件及现代灭绝风险背景下底栖有孔虫属的物种丰富度与地理分布范围的评估。其中，体型为单个属内所有标本的平均体型；物种丰富度为各地质时期每个属的已命名物种数量，未命名物种或被定为未定种（如sp.或spp.）的类群不予统计；地理分布范围为单个属在各地质时期出现的均等地理网格区间数量。“灭绝”列中的“1”代表该有孔虫在集群灭绝事件中灭绝，“0”代表该有孔虫在集群灭绝事件中幸存。底栖有孔虫的体型、物种丰富度与地理分布数据均基于本研究的体型数据集S1整理得到；过去灭绝事件中的有孔虫灭绝数据取自古生物学数据库（Paleobiology Database, PBDB，https://paleobiodb.org）。现代灭绝风险主要依据IUCN红色名录标准A和B进行分级，即种群减少量与分布区面积（参考文献61，补充图S5）。缩写对应关系如下：F-F为弗拉斯尼-法门尼期集群灭绝；G-L为瓜德鲁普-乐平世灭绝；P-T为二叠纪-三叠纪集群灭绝；T-J为三叠纪-侏罗纪集群灭绝；K-Pg为白垩纪-古近纪集群灭绝。

数据集S3：本文数据分析所用代码。所有分析均在R 4.3.2（参考文献63）环境中完成。

数据集S4：基于1000次自举重采样（bootstrap resampling）迭代，针对弗拉斯尼-法门尼期（F-F）与三叠纪-侏罗纪期（T-J）集群灭绝事件中灭绝属与幸存属的体型差异，所得曼-惠特尼U检验（Mann-Whitney U test）与邦费罗尼校正（Bonferroni correction）结果。