Activity-dependent recruitment of inhibition and excitation in the awake mammalian cortex during electrical stimulation

This dataset was produced in order to understand how inhibitory neurons responded to high-frequency electrical stimulation. To generate this dataset, we used five transgenic mice in which inhibitory neurons were labeled with a red fluorescent marker (Gad2-IRES-Cre with reporter line Ai14). These mice were injected in three locations in primary visual cortex with a virus that transfects both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in order to express a fluorescent indicator of calcium concentration. In order to stimulate neural activity, mice were chronically implanted with a single Pt/IR electrode approximately 200 um below the cortical surface. In order to record stimulation-evoked responses, mice were also chronically implanted with a glass cranial window, centered over the tip of the stimulating electrode. Neural responses to stimulation were then recorded at 15.5 Hz across three imaging planes using a 2-photon microscope (Neurolabware). Stimulation was delivered as a burst of 25 stimulation pulses (250 Hz) once every ten seconds for 90 trials. The amplitude of the stimulation current was chosen in a pseudo-random order from the set of [3,5,10,15,20,25,30,40, and 50 uA] for a total of ten trials at each stimulation amplitude. We analyzed the data to identify any differences between stimulation-evoked activity in excitatory and inhibitory neurons as a function of stimulation amplitude, looking at measures such as the amplitude of neural responses to stimulation, the volume and density of neural responses, and the dependence of neural activation on pre-stimulus neural activity levels. We found significant differences between activation of inhibitory and excitatory neurons to electrical stimulation, particularly in the spatial pattern of activation and in neurons’s dependence on pre-stimulus activity levels. Here we provide the data used for this analysis. There were five mice used in the analysis and we have neural data and information about the stimulation patterns used in each. Note that the neural data contains pre-processed output from Suite2p, including variables that were unused in our analysis. A full description of the data contained in these filetypes can be found at https://suite2p.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html To run our code, please download all of the data folders (GAD1,GADA,GADB,GADC,GADD) as well as “epos.mat” and all of the analysis files (ComputeBehEffectRespTypespub.m, ComputeByRecruitRespTypespub.m, db.m, StimAnalysis.m, InitAnalysis.m, compute_sig_respspub, dbpub.m, getCOMlocspub.m, and the helper file (not ours) cbrewer.m that is used to generate color schemes). The main file is StimAnalysis.m and needs to be placed in the same folder as the rest of the files and folders in this dataset. By running StimAnalysis.m, you will be able to re-create the figures from our manuscript “Activity-dependent recruitment of inhibition and excitation in the awake mammalian cortex during electrical stimulation.”

本数据集旨在解析抑制性神经元（inhibitory neurons）对高频电刺激的响应机制。为构建本数据集，我们使用了5只抑制性神经元被红色荧光标记物标记的转基因小鼠（品系为Gad2-IRES-Cre配报告基因系Ai14）。我们向这些小鼠的初级视觉皮层的3个位点注射了一种病毒，该病毒可转染兴奋性神经元（excitatory neurons）与抑制性神经元，以表达钙离子浓度荧光指示剂。为刺激神经元活动，我们为小鼠慢性植入了一枚铂铱（Pt/IR）电极，其位置约位于皮层表面下方200 μm处。为记录刺激诱发的响应，我们还为小鼠慢性植入了一枚玻璃颅骨窗，其中心对准刺激电极的尖端。随后，我们使用双光子显微镜（2-photon microscope，Neurolabware）在3个成像平面上以15.5 Hz的帧率记录了刺激诱发的神经元响应。刺激以25个脉冲组成的串（频率250 Hz）形式施加，每10秒施加一次，共完成90次试次。刺激电流幅值从[3、5、10、15、20、25、30、40、50 μA]集合中伪随机选取，每个刺激幅值对应10次试次。我们对数据进行分析，以识别兴奋性与抑制性神经元的刺激诱发活动随刺激幅值的变化差异，考察指标包括神经元刺激响应的幅值、响应的体积与密度，以及神经元激活对刺激前神经元活动水平的依赖性。我们发现，抑制性与兴奋性神经元在电刺激下的激活存在显著差异，尤其体现在激活的空间模式以及神经元对刺激前活动水平的依赖性上。本文提供本次分析所用的全部数据。本次分析共纳入5只小鼠，我们提供了每只小鼠的神经元数据以及所用刺激模式的相关信息。请注意，神经元数据包含Suite2p的预处理输出结果，其中包含了我们本次分析未用到的变量。这些文件类型所包含数据的完整说明可参见https://suite2p.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html。若要运行我们的代码，请下载所有数据文件夹（GAD1、GADA、GADB、GADC、GADD）以及"epos.mat"，同时下载所有分析文件：ComputeBehEffectRespTypespub.m、ComputeByRecruitRespTypespub.m、db.m、StimAnalysis.m、InitAnalysis.m、compute_sig_respspub、dbpub.m、getCOMlocspub.m，以及用于生成配色方案的辅助文件（非本研究开发）cbrewer.m。主文件为StimAnalysis.m，需将其与本数据集其余文件及文件夹置于同一目录下。运行StimAnalysis.m即可复现我们发表的论文《清醒哺乳动物皮层电刺激过程中抑制与兴奋的活动依赖性募集》中的相关图表。