Comparative analysis of the profit efficiency levels among the major actors in broiler value chain in Ghana

The Broiler value chain (BVC) is made up of activities that offer business opportunity to the private sector, stimulate economic growth, and provide animal protein for the populace. This study assessed the profitability of major economic activities along the BVC. The quantitative research method was used to collect cross-sectional data. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 345 broiler producers in the Greater Accra, Ashanti, and Bono Regions. A census was employed to take data from 40 poultry processors, and 123 live bird sellers (marketers). Data collection was done with structured interview schedules, and analysed with translog profit function, Gross margin and ANOVA using R and IBM SPSS statistical packages. Broiler producers had a gross margin (GM) of GH¢ 28.4 per bird and a profit efficiency level of 62.9%; a live bird seller’s GM per bird was GH¢ 28.2 and a profit efficiency level of 34.4%; and a poultry processor had a GM per bird of GH¢ 20.9 and a profit efficiency level of 79.9%. The results of ANOVA analysis also showed a statistically significant difference in the GM per bird received and profit efficiency levels obtained by the BVC actors. It is recommended that live bird sellers and broiler producers endeavour to reduce inefficiencies in their marketing and production activities. Government and other development partners should make available the appropriate technologies and training to build the capacity of BVC actors to adequately combine productive resources available to them in order to reduce profit inefficiency and increase production.

肉鸡价值链（Broiler value chain，BVC）由为私营部门提供商业机会、刺激经济增长并为民众提供动物蛋白的一系列活动构成。本研究评估了肉鸡价值链各主要经济活动的盈利能力，采用定量研究方法收集横截面数据：通过简单随机抽样技术（simple random sampling technique）从大阿克拉、阿散蒂和博诺地区选取345名肉鸡生产者，以普查方式获取40家家禽加工商及123名活禽销售商（营销商）的数据。数据通过结构化访谈表收集，使用R语言与IBM SPSS统计软件包，结合超越对数利润函数（translog profit function）、毛利率（Gross margin）及方差分析（ANOVA）进行分析。结果显示：肉鸡生产者每只鸡毛利率（GM）为28.4加纳塞地，利润效率水平62.9%；活禽销售商每只鸡毛利率28.2加纳塞地，利润效率34.4%；家禽加工商每只鸡毛利率20.9加纳塞地，利润效率79.9%。方差分析结果还表明，肉鸡价值链参与者的每只鸡毛利率及利润效率水平存在统计学显著差异。建议活禽销售商与肉鸡生产者着力降低营销及生产活动中的低效问题；政府及其他发展伙伴应提供适当技术与培训，增强肉鸡价值链参与者能力，使其充分整合可用生产资源，以减少利润低效并提升产量。