Table_6_Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expression Analysis of the Glutathione S-Transferase Supergene Family in Euphorbiaceae.XLSX

Euphorbiaceae, a family of plants mainly grown in the tropics and subtropics, is also widely distributed all over the world and is well known for being rich in rubber, oil, medicinal materials, starch, wood and other economically important plant products. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a family of proteins encoded by a large supergene family and are widely expressed in animals, bacteria, fungi and plants, but with few reports of them in Euphorbiaceae plants. These proteins participate in and regulate the detoxification and oxidative stress response of heterogeneous organisms, resistance to stress, growth and development, signal transduction and other related processes. In this study, we identified and analyzed the whole genomes of four species of Euphorbiaceae, namely Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, Hevea brasiliensis, and Manihot esculenta, which have high economic and practical value. A total of 244 GST genes were identified. Based on their sequence characteristics and conserved domain types, the GST supergene family in Euphorbiaceae was classified into 10 subfamilies. The GST supergene families of Euphorbiaceae and Arabidopsis have been found to be highly conserved in evolution, and tandem repeats and translocations in these genes have made the greatest contributions to gene amplification here and have experienced strong purification selection. An evolutionary analysis showed that Euphorbiaceae GST genes have also evolved into new subtribes (GSTO, EF1BG, MAPEG), which may play a specific role in Euphorbiaceae. An analysis of expression patterns of the GST supergene family in Euphorbiaceae revealed the functions of these GSTs in different tissues, including resistance to stress and participation in herbicide detoxification. In addition, an interaction analysis was performed to determine the GST gene regulatory mechanism. The results of this study have laid a foundation for further analysis of the functions of the GST supergene family in Euphorbiaceae, especially in stress and herbicide detoxification. The results have also provided new ideas for the study of the regulatory mechanism of the GST supergene family, and have provided a reference for follow-up genetics and breeding work.

荜拨木科，一种主要生长于热带和亚热带地区的植物科属，亦遍及全球，以其富含橡胶、油脂、药材、淀粉、木材及其他经济价值显著的植物产品而著称。谷胱甘肽转移酶（Glutathione S-transferases，简称GSTs）是一类由大型超基因家族编码的蛋白质，广泛表达于动物、细菌、真菌及植物中，但在荜拨木科植物中鲜有报道。此类蛋白质参与并调节异质生物的解毒及氧化应激反应、抗逆性、生长发育、信号传导等过程。本研究中，我们鉴定并分析了四种荜拨木科植物的全基因组，包括大麻子（Ricinus communis）、巴豆（Jatropha curcas）、巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）和木薯（Manihot esculenta），这些物种具有重要的经济价值和实用性。共鉴定出244个GST基因。基于其序列特征和保守结构域类型，荜拨木科中的GST超基因家族被划分为10个亚家族。研究发现，荜拨木科与拟南芥的GST超基因家族在进化上高度保守，串联重复和基因易位对此处的基因扩增贡献最大，并经历了强烈的净化选择。进化分析显示，荜拨木科的GST基因亦进化为新的亚族（GSTO、EF1BG、MAPEG），这些亚族可能在荜拨木科中发挥特定的作用。对荜拨木科中GST超基因家族的表达模式进行分析，揭示了这些GST在不同组织中的功能，包括抗逆性和参与除草剂解毒。此外，还进行了相互作用分析，以确定GST基因的调控机制。本研究结果为荜拨木科中GST超基因家族功能的进一步分析奠定了基础，特别是在应激和除草剂解毒方面。同时，这些结果也为GST超基因家族调控机制的研究提供了新的思路，并为后续的遗传学和育种工作提供了参考。