“BOTA FOGO NESSES VAGABUNDOS!”: ENTEXTUALIZATIONS OF XENOPHOBIA IN THE TEXTUAL TRAJECTORY OF A FAKE NEWS

ABSTRACT With the emergence of the internet as an infrastructure for innovation in communication modes, fake news production has grown profusely, facilitating modes of publishing and sharing false information and news. Fake news has extrapolated the materiality of the texts and increased hate speech in society and violations of human rights, such as xenophobic attacks on immigrants in Brazil. In this study, we seek to analyze which entextualizations were mobilized in the textual trajectory of a fake news on different digital platforms and what positions the participants of the interaction take in relation to the situation of crisis migration in the country. This work is based on the theoretical-analytical constructs of Applied Linguistics (Moita Lopes, 2006; Cavalcanti, 2013). The corpus covers the textual trajectory of the event ‘Bota Fogo!’, referring to the attack on Venezuelan immigrants in Pacaraima, occurred on August 18, 2018. The results indicate that the spread of fake news mobilizes prejudiced discursive-identity positions in virtual interactions, but also drives xenophobic reactions outside online networks.

摘要：随着互联网成为通信模式创新的基础设施，虚假新闻的制作呈泛滥之势，为虚假信息与假新闻的发布及传播提供了便利渠道。虚假新闻强化了文本的实体性影响，加剧了社会中的仇恨言论与人权侵犯事件，例如巴西境内针对移民的排外袭击。本研究旨在分析：在不同数字平台上，一则虚假新闻的文本传播轨迹中动用了哪些文本化（entextualizations）实践；以及该互动的参与者针对本国移民危机局势采取了何种立场。本研究以应用语言学的理论分析框架为基础（Moita Lopes, 2006; Cavalcanti, 2013）。研究语料涵盖事件“Bota Fogo！”（指2018年8月18日发生在巴西帕卡拉伊马的针对委内瑞拉移民的袭击事件）的文本传播轨迹。研究结果显示，虚假新闻的传播在虚拟互动中催生了带有偏见的话语身份立场，同时也推动了线下网络中的排外反应。