Archeological Survey of Saguaro National Monument, 1994: The Saguaro Land Acquisition and Trails Inventory

This volume reports on the findings of archeological survey conducted in the Saguaro National Monument in the late spring of 1994. The cultural resource inventory of 740 acres was conducted by four Western Archeological and Conservation Center archeologists between April 25 and May 20, 1994. The surveyed area included 360 acres of land included in the recently (1991) expanded boundary of the Rincon Mountain Unit (RMU) and 380 acres of heavily used land located in the northeast corner of the Tucson Mountain Unit (TMU). The goal of the survey was to document cultural resources in order to assist the monument staff in the management of monument resources.

Twenty-nine archeological sites and eighty-five isolated finds were recorded. All eight sites recorded at RMU were Hohokam affiliated prehistoric sites. They include five artifact scatters, 2 residential sites and 1 agricultural site. All forty-five isolated finds at RMU are also prehistoric. At TMU, 21 sites include 1 primarily Archaic site, 7 primarily Hohokam sites, 3 historic sites, and 10 sites of indeterminate affiliation. Prehistoric sites at TMU include six artifact scatters and 2 rock art sites. Historic sites at TMU all are associated with early 20th century mining. The forty isolated finds at TMU include 29 with prehistoric items, 9 with historic items, and 2 isolates with both prehisturic and historic items.

Discussions of site condition, siguificance, and management recommendations are included to assist the monument staff in future management decisions. Potential threats to the cultural resources are
considered along with possible mitigating actions.

Appendices include a table of concordance with the field site numbers (used in this report) and assigned ASM site numbers, a list of collected artifacts and catalogue numbers, and finally, site descriptions and planviews for each site recorded.

本报告详述了1994年晚春于萨瓜罗国家纪念区（Saguaro National Monument）开展的考古调查成果。1994年4月25日至5月20日期间，由4名西部考古与保护中心（Western Archeological and Conservation Center）考古学家完成了740英亩区域的文化资源普查工作。本次调查区域涵盖两部分：一是1991年新近扩界的林孔山片区（Rincon Mountain Unit, RMU）内的360英亩土地，二是图森山片区（Tucson Mountain Unit, TMU）东北角380英亩的高频使用区域。本次调查的目标为记录文化资源，以协助纪念区管理团队开展文物资源管理工作。

本次调查共记录29处考古遗址与85件孤立出土遗存。林孔山片区共记录8处遗址，均为与霍霍坎文化（Hohokam）相关的史前遗址，其中包含5处遗物散布点、2处居住遗址及1处农业遗址；片区内的45件孤立出土遗存也均为史前时期遗存。图森山片区共记录21处遗址，其中1处以阿卡迪克文化（Archaic）遗存为主、7处以霍霍坎文化遗存为主、3处为历史时期遗址，另有10处遗址的文化归属暂未明确。该片区的史前遗址包含6处遗物散布点与2处岩画遗址；历史时期遗址均与20世纪早期的采矿活动相关。片区内的40件孤立出土遗存中，29件含史前遗物、9件含历史时期遗物，另有2件同时包含史前与历史时期遗存。

本报告还涵盖遗址保存现状、遗存价值及管理建议的相关研讨，以协助纪念区管理团队制定后续管理决策；同时针对文化资源面临的潜在威胁，探讨了相应的减缓应对措施。

附录部分包含：本报告所用野外遗址编号与官方ASM遗址编号的对照表、已采集遗物清单及编号目录，以及所有记录遗址的详细描述与平面图。