应急管理部发布2020年8月全国自然灾害情况

近日，应急管理部会同自然资源部、水利部、农业农村部、气象局等部门对8月份全国自然灾害情况进行了会商分析。8月份，全国自然灾害以洪涝灾害为主，台风、干旱、风雹、地震、地质灾害和森林火灾等均有不同程度发生。各种自然灾害共造成2248.9万人次受灾，151人死亡失踪，163.3万人次紧急转移安置；2万间房屋倒塌，29.3万间房屋损坏；农作物受灾面积3055.8千公顷，其中绝收498.1千公顷；直接经济损失657.8亿元。与近5年同期均值相比，受灾人次、因灾死亡失踪人数、倒塌房屋数量和直接经济损失分别下降41%、28%、33%和3%。 一、多地遭遇极端性持续强降雨，多条主要江河超警超保 8月份，全国先后出现5次大范围强降雨过程，平均降水量较常年同期偏多26.8%，其中，四川偏多82.9%，甘肃偏多1倍，陕西偏多82.4%；四川、甘肃降雨量为1961年以来历史同期第一多，陕西为历史同期第二多。全国主要江河来水总体偏多，长江偏多4－6成，黄河偏多5成－1倍，淮河偏多4成－1.7倍。24省（区、市）369条河流发生超警以上洪水，其中112条河流发生超保洪水，长江、黄河、沂沭泗地区发生9次编号洪水。受四川盆地极端性强降雨影响，岷江中下游干流彭山至高场江段发生超历史洪水，沱江、嘉陵江、涪江及长江干流泸州至寸滩江段发生超保洪水，三峡水库出现建库以来最大入库流量75000立方米每秒。 二、西南、西北地区遭受严重洪涝灾害，地质灾害多发频发 8月份，25省（区、市）175个地级市遭受洪涝灾害影响，造成1144.9万人次受灾。四川、重庆、陕西、甘肃4省受灾较为严重，因灾死亡失踪人数、紧急转移安置人次、倒塌房屋数量和直接经济损失分别占8月全国洪涝总损失量的73%、96%、80%和82%。四川灾区的交通、水利等基础设施损毁严重，重庆市沿江大量商户店铺进水受淹，甘肃陇南等地居民住房以及交通、电力、通信等受损重。8月份，全国因洪涝灾害累计紧急转移安置118.1万人次、直接经济损失413.5亿元，较近5年同期均值分别上升506%和102%。在西南、西北等地发生超历史强降雨洪涝灾害情况下，因灾死亡失踪92人，较近5年同期均值下降8%。此外，受持续强降雨影响，西南、西北地区崩塌、山体滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害多发频发。西南地区发生地质灾害起数最多，其中四川发生1864起，占全国地质灾害总数的59%。 三、台风登陆个数偏多，“黑格比”台风对浙江造成较大影响 8月份，我国大陆地区共有3个台风登陆，较常年同期（1.9个）偏多1.1个。第4号台风“黑格比”、第6号台风“米克拉”和第7号台风“海高斯”相继登陆我国，给华东、华南地区带来一定风雨影响。第4号台风“黑格比”登陆浙江，具有移动快、发展快、能量大、破坏力强等特点，受其影响，浙江中东部、上海累计降雨量有100－280毫米，浙江省紧急转移安置32.6万人，直接经济损失103.9亿元。第6号台风“米克拉”和第7号台风“海高斯”分别登陆福建和广东，造成直接经济损失20.5亿元。第8号台风“巴威”在中朝交界附近的朝鲜平安北道沿海登陆，对我国东北地区总体风雨影响较小。 四、东北、华南夏伏旱基本解除，旱情较常年偏轻 6月份以来，东北西部、内蒙古东部降水量较常年同期偏少4－9成；7月至8月初，华南地区降水较常年偏少4－9成，平均气温较常年同期偏高1－2℃；上述地区一度出现较重旱情。据统计，7月下旬至8月初旱灾峰值时，内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、湖南、广东、广西6省（区）695.4万人因旱受灾，农作物受灾面积1722.9千公顷，直接经济损失93.5亿元。进入8月份，受台风降雨和冷暖空气交汇降雨影响，华南沿海、江南南部、华北北部、东北大部等地出现明显降雨过程，前期受旱较重的吉林、广西两省（区）旱情基本解除，内蒙古、辽宁、河北、湖南等省（区）旱情有所缓解。此外，8月份全国森林草原火灾整体平稳，未造成人员伤亡。 五、局地遭受强对流天气影响，风雹灾害总体偏轻 8月份，全国共出现14次区域性短时强降雨、雷暴大风和冰雹等强对流天气过程，主要出现在四川盆地至华北、黄淮地区。据统计，风雹灾害造成21省（区、市）132万人次受灾，10人死亡，直接经济损失23.5亿元。与近5年同期均值相比，风雹灾害受灾人次、因灾死亡失踪人数和直接经济损失分别下降43%、58%和20%。此外，8月份我国大陆地区未发生5.0级以上地震，明显低于历史同期水平，4级以上地震发生13次，分布在新疆和西藏地区，未造成人员伤亡和房屋倒损。 来源：应急管理部 发布日期：2020-09-07

Recently, the Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM), together with the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Meteorological Administration and other relevant departments, conducted a consultation and analysis on the national natural disaster situation in August. In August, flood disasters dominated the national natural disasters, while typhoons, droughts, wind-hail disasters, earthquakes, geological disasters and forest fires also occurred to varying degrees. All types of natural disasters caused a total of 22.489 million person-times of affected population, 151 deaths and missing persons, and 1.633 million people were urgently transferred and resettled; 20,000 houses collapsed and 293,000 houses were damaged; the affected crop area reached 3,055.8 thousand hectares, of which 498.1 thousand hectares suffered complete crop failure; the direct economic loss amounted to 65.78 billion yuan. Compared with the average level of the same period in the past five years, the affected person-times, number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters, number of collapsed houses and direct economic loss decreased by 41%, 28%, 33% and 3% respectively.

1. Multiple regions hit by extreme persistent heavy rainfall, over 300 major rivers exceed warning and guaranteed water levels
In August, five large-scale heavy rainfall processes occurred across the country successively, with the average precipitation being 26.8% higher than the same period of normal years. Specifically, precipitation in Sichuan was 82.9% higher, Gansu doubled, and Shaanxi was 82.4% higher; the rainfall in Sichuan and Gansu was the highest in the same period since 1961, while that in Shaanxi ranked the second highest in historical same periods. The inflow of major rivers across the country was generally higher than normal, with the Yangtze River seeing 40%-60% more inflow, the Yellow River 50%-100% more, and the Huaihe River 40%-170% more. 369 rivers in 24 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) experienced floods exceeding the warning water level, among which 112 rivers had floods exceeding the guaranteed water level, and 9 numbered floods occurred in the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Yishu-Si River Basin. Affected by the extreme heavy rainfall in the Sichuan Basin, the section from Pengshan to Gaochang in the middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang River experienced floods exceeding historical records; the Tuojiang River, Jialing River, Fujiang River and the section from Luzhou to Cuntan in the main stream of the Yangtze River experienced floods exceeding the guaranteed water level. The Three Gorges Reservoir recorded its maximum inflow discharge since its commissioning, reaching 75,000 cubic meters per second.

2. Severe flood disasters in Southwest and Northwest China, with frequent geological disasters
In August, 175 prefecture-level cities in 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) were affected by flood disasters, resulting in 11.449 million affected people. Four provincial-level regions including Sichuan, Chongqing, Shaanxi and Gansu suffered relatively severe disasters. The number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters, number of urgently transferred and resettled people, number of collapsed houses and direct economic loss in these regions accounted for 73%, 96%, 80% and 82% of the national total flood losses in August respectively. The transportation, water conservancy and other infrastructure in the Sichuan disaster area were severely damaged; a large number of shops and businesses along the Yangtze River in Chongqing were flooded; residential housing, transportation, power and communication facilities in Longnan of Gansu and other areas suffered heavy damage. In August, a total of 1.181 million people were urgently transferred and resettled across the country due to flood disasters, with direct economic losses of 41.35 billion yuan, which increased by 506% and 102% respectively compared with the average of the same period in the past five years. Under the impact of historical extreme heavy rainfall-induced flood disasters in Southwest and Northwest China, 92 people died or went missing due to disasters, which was 8% lower than the average level of the same period in the past five years. In addition, affected by continuous heavy rainfall, geological disasters such as collapses, landslides and debris flows occurred frequently in Southwest and Northwest China. The number of geological disasters in Southwest China was the largest, with 1,864 cases occurring in Sichuan alone, accounting for 59% of the total geological disasters across the country.

3. More typhoons landed than normal, Typhoon Hagupit caused great impact on Zhejiang
In August, a total of three typhoons landed in mainland China, which was 1.1 more than the average of 1.9 in the same period of normal years. Typhoon Hagupit (4th), Typhoon Mekkhala (6th) and Typhoon Higos (7th) successively landed in China, bringing certain wind and rain impacts to East and South China. Typhoon Hagupit (4th) landed in Zhejiang, characterized by fast movement, rapid development, high energy and strong destructiveness. Affected by it, the cumulative rainfall in central and eastern Zhejiang and Shanghai reached 100-280 mm. Zhejiang Province urgently transferred and resettled 326,000 people, with direct economic losses of 10.39 billion yuan. Typhoon Mekkhala (6th) and Typhoon Higos (7th) landed in Fujian and Guangdong respectively, causing direct economic losses of 2.05 billion yuan. Typhoon Bavi (8th) landed on the coast of Pyonganbuk-do, Democratic People's Republic of Korea near the China-DPRK border, and had relatively little overall wind and rain impact on Northeast China.

4. Summer mid-season drought in Northeast and South China basically lifted, with relatively light drought conditions compared to normal years
Since June, the precipitation in western Northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia was 40%-90% less than the same period of normal years; from July to early August, the precipitation in South China was 40%-90% less than normal, and the average temperature was 1-2℃ higher than the same period of normal years, leading to relatively severe drought in these areas. According to statistics, at the peak of the drought from late July to early August, 6.954 million people in 6 provinces (autonomous regions) including Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi were affected by drought, with the affected crop area reaching 1,722.9 thousand hectares and direct economic losses of 9.35 billion yuan. Entering August, affected by typhoon-induced rainfall and rainfall caused by the intersection of cold and warm air masses, obvious rainfall processes occurred in coastal South China, southern Jiangnan, northern North China and most of Northeast China. The drought in Jilin and Guangxi, which were severely affected by drought earlier, was basically lifted, and the drought in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Hebei, Hunan and other provinces (autonomous regions) was alleviated. In addition, the overall situation of forest and grassland fires across the country was stable in August, with no casualties reported.

5. Local areas hit by severe convective weather, with relatively light wind-hail disasters overall
In August, a total of 14 regional severe convective weather processes including short-time heavy rainfall, thunderstorm gales and hails occurred across the country, mainly occurring in the Sichuan Basin to North China and the Huanghuai Region. According to statistics, wind-hail disasters caused 1.32 million affected people in 21 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), 10 deaths, and direct economic losses of 2.35 billion yuan. Compared with the average level of the same period in the past five years, the affected person-times, number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters and direct economic loss of wind-hail disasters decreased by 43%, 58% and 20% respectively. In addition, no earthquakes above magnitude 5.0 occurred in mainland China in August, which was significantly lower than the historical average level of the same period. Thirteen earthquakes above magnitude 4.0 occurred, distributed in Xinjiang and Tibet, with no casualties or house damage reported.

Source: Ministry of Emergency Management
Release Date: 2020-09-07