Politbarometer 1988 (Cumulated Data Set)

The Politbarometer has been conducted since 1977 on an almost monthly basis by the Forschungsgruppe Wahlen on behalf of the Second German Television (ZDF). Since 1990, this database has also been available for the new German states. The survey focuses on the opinions and attitudes of the voting-age population in the Federal Republic on current political issues, parties, politicians, and voting behavior. From 1990 to 1995 and from 1999 onward, the Politbarometer surveys were conducted separately both in the newly formed eastern and in the western German states (Politbarometer East and Politbarometer West). The separate monthly surveys of a year are integrated into a cumulative data set that includes all surveys of a year and all variables of the respective year. Starting in 2003, the Politbarometer short surveys, collected with varying frequency throughout the year, are integrated into the annual cumulation.<br>February: Satisfaction with democracy in the Federal Republic; party
preference (Sunday question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the
polls in the last Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the
political parties and selected politicians; satisfaction scale for the
government coalition and opposition; issue competence of the current
Federal Government as well as a possible SPD-led government; perceived
support for Kohl by the CDU and for Vogel by the SPD; perceived support
of the government coalition by CSU and FDP; attitude to nuclear power
plants; assessment of the possibility of a nuclear accident in a German
nuclear power plant; assumed jeopardy to the population from disregard
for regulations in storage and transport of radioactive waste;
postmaterialism index; self-classification on a left-right continuum;
attitude to the principle of rule by law and restriction of fundamental
rights; attitude to the death penalty; attitude to prohibition of
parties endangering security; freedom of the press for opponents of the
state.

January: The right people in leading positions; party preference
(Sunday question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the polls in
the last Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the political
parties and selected politicians; satisfaction scale for the government
coalition and opposition in Bonn; issue relevance; preferred formation
of a government in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Schleswig-Holstein; attitude
to government compulsion measures in the fight against AIDS;
self-assessment on a left-right continuum; attitude to stricter
government measures against political violent criminals and opponents
of the state (scale).

March: The right people in leading positions; party preference (Sunday
question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the polls in the last
Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the political parties
and selected politicians; satisfaction scale for the government
coalition and opposition in Bonn; judgement on selected recommendations
on reduction in unemployment and assumed most effective measure;
attitude and personal readiness for reduction in working hours with
concurrent reduction in wages; judgement on this measure as
contribution to reduction of unemployment; judgement on the efforts of
the unemployed for a job; preferred government coalition; colouring and
hiding Easter eggs; participation in consecration of the palms on Palm
Sunday; vacation trip over Easter.

April: Satisfaction with democracy in the Federal Republic; party
preference (Sunday question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the
polls (ballot procedure) at the last Federal Parliament election;
sympathy scale for the political parties and selected politicians;
satisfaction scale for the government coalition and opposition in Bonn;
issue relevance; judgement on the current and future economic situation
in the Federal Republic; knowledge about the health care reform and
attitude to various measures to curb cost increase; attitude to care
benefit for the care of seriously ill in one´s family; existence of
organized crime in the Federal Republic; attitude to extension of the
rights of the police to combat this form of crime; attitude to equal
legal status for marriage and long-term relationships similar to
marriage; personal knowledge of such a relation.

May: The right people in leading positions; party preference (Sunday
question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the polls in the last
Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the political parties
and selected politicians; satisfaction scale for the government
coalition and opposition in Bonn; attitude to abortion and the
counseling system; party representing one´s own attitude to this
question; judgement on the efforts of the unemployed for a job;
attitude to north-south divide in the Federal Republic and reasons for
this development; attitude to financial aid for the north from the
southern states; self-assessment on a left-right continuum; assumed
winner of the European Soccer Championship; attitude to the salary
payments in the national soccer league; attitude to support of paid
soccer by the cities; associations with the name Salzgitter; most
important reasons for the election success of the SPD and the defeat of
the CDU in Schleswig-Holstein; living together with a partner; city
size.

June: Satisfaction with democracy in the Federal Republic; party
preference (Sunday question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the
polls (ballot procedure) at the last Federal Parliament election;
sympathy scale for the political parties and selected politicians;
satisfaction scale for the government coalition and opposition in Bonn;
preferred FDP chairman; issue ability of the current Federal Government
and a possible SPD-led government; EC membership as advantage or
disadvantage; preferred form of Western European integration; attitude
to a uniform currency in Europe; preference for national or European
solution of selected political problems.

August: The right people in leading positions; party preference
(Sunday question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the polls in
the last Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the political
parties and selected politicians; satisfaction scale for the government
coalition and opposition in Bonn; preferred candidate for chancellor of
the SPD; attitude to the quota of women in the SPD and the proportion
of women in politics; vegetarian; attitude to keeping animals in
factory-like feeding facilities; willingness to pay higher meat prices
to avoid this manner of keeping animals; fear of harm to health from
hormone-contaminated veal; assumed health burden through other foods;
attitude to stricter laws and checks as protection against foods
harmful to health; attitude to ethnic Germans moving from Eastern
Europe; most sympathetic man in the Federal Republic; city size.

September: Satisfaction with democracy in the Federal Republic; party
preference (Sunday question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the
polls in the last Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the
political parties and selected politicians; satisfaction scale for the
government coalition and opposition in Bonn; preferred government
coalition; judgement on one´s own and general current and future
economic situation; significance of possible government coalitions for
one´s own economic situation; perceived changes in selected political
areas since the change of government of 1982; preferred FDP chairman
and assumed winner of the chairman election; judgement on the extent of
foreign aid; preferred solution for the debtor problems of the
developing countries; attitude to canceling debt in exchange for
environmental protection measures; capability of developing countries
for self-determination in environmental protection measures; city size.

October: The right people in leading positions; party preference
(Sunday question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the polls in
the last Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the political
parties and selected politicians; satisfaction scale for the government
coalition and opposition in Bonn; effects of the death of Strauss on
the government activity of Kohl and the influence of the CSU in Bonn;
judgement on the relations between the Federal Republic and the Soviet
Union; perceived changes in the relations since assumption of office by
Gorbachev; attitude to a visit by Kohl in the Soviet Union and assumed
effects on bilateral relations; trustworthiness of Gorbachev, Reagan
and Kohl; assumed readiness for disarmament of the Federal Republic and
of the Soviet Union; feeling of military threat from the Soviet Union;
attitude to arms expenditures in the Federal Republic; assumed military
superiority of the West or East; assessment of the development of
security of peace in Europe in the last year; attitude to German
division; watching television; interest in reports and information
about the Soviet Union; knowledge about Russia; assessment of the
Soviet Union as a reliable economic partner; attitude to an expansion of
German-Soviet economic relations; assumed change of living conditions
in the Soviet Union from the policies of Gorbachev; threat to health
from addictive drugs and AIDS; satisfaction with the achievements of
the Federal Government and democracy in the Federal Republic; attitude
to construction or closure of nuclear power plants; willingness to pay
higher prices for food less impacted by harmful substances; effects of
reports about hormone-contaminated veal on personal veal consumption;
preferred president of the USA; city size.

November: Satisfaction with democracy in the Federal Republic; party
preference (Sunday question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the
polls in the last Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the
political parties and selected politicians; satisfaction scale for the
government coalition and opposition in Bonn; most important politicians
in the Federal Republic; attitude to admitting ethnic Germans from
Eastern Europe and asylum-seekers; attitude to a preferential treatment
of ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe or asylum-seekers; attitude to a
4-day week; attitude to Saturday work; knowledge about plans for health
care reform and attitude to the reform proposals; assumed contribution
of health care reform to cost reduction in the public health system;
attitude to the resignation of Federal Parliament President Jenninger;
concern for loss of one´s job; city size.

December: The right people in leading positions; party preference
(Sunday question and rank order procedure); behaviour at the polls in
the last Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the political
parties and selected politicians; satisfaction scale for the government
coalition and opposition in Bonn; judgement on one´s own and general
current and future economic situation; ability in matters of economic
policy of the current Federal Government and a possible SPD-led
government; significance of possible government coalitions in Bonn for
one´s own economic situation; judgement on support of the policies of
Kohl by the CDU as well as the current government coalition by the CSU
and the FDP; attitude to the appointment of ministers not members of the
Federal Parliament; attitude to a prohibition of low-altitude flights;
assessment of the development of security of peace in Europe in the
last year; judgement on the military balance of power after the
one-sided disarmament measures of the Soviet Union; attitude to
construction or closure of nuclear power plants; assumed probability of
a nuclear accident with serious consequences in a German nuclear power
plant; personal annual balance sheet and forecast; concern for loss of
one´s job; city size.

Demography: year of birth and month of birth; sex; marital status;
living together with a partner; religious denomination; frequency of
church attendance; school degree achieved and sought; vocational
training; college degree; occupational position; employment;
journeymen´s test; activity in the civil service; military rank; number
of persons 18 years old and older in household; number of persons
between 14 and 21 years old in household; respondent is head of
household; characteristics of head of household; union memberships in
household; party inclination.

Additonaly encoded: area code; month of interview; weighting factor;
Bundesland.

Politbarometer（政治晴雨表）自1977年起由选举研究小组（Forschungsgruppe Wahlen）代表德国第二电视台（ZDF）几乎每月开展一次。1990年起，该数据库的覆盖范围扩展至德国新联邦州。调查聚焦联邦共和国成年选民对当前政治议题、政党、政治人物及投票行为的看法与态度。1990-1995年及1999年起，Politbarometer在新成立的东德各州与西德各州分别开展调查（即东德政治晴雨表与西德政治晴雨表）。年内各月度独立调查数据将整合为年度累积数据集，包含该年度所有调查及相应变量。2003年起，年内不定期开展的Politbarometer简短调查亦纳入年度累积数据。

二月：对联邦共和国民主制度的满意度；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；现任联邦政府及潜在社民党（SPD）领导政府的议题处理能力；基民盟（CDU）对科尔（Kohl）的支持度感知、社民党对福格尔（Vogel）的支持度感知；基社盟（CSU）与自民党（FDP）对政府联盟的支持度感知；对核电站的态度；德国核电站发生核事故可能性的评估；放射性废物存储与运输违规对民众的潜在危害认知；后物质主义指数；左右政治光谱自我定位；对法治原则及基本权利限制的态度；对死刑的态度；对危害安全政党的禁令态度；针对反国家势力的新闻自由态度。

一月：领导层人选合理性；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；议题相关性；巴登-符腾堡州及石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州的政府组建偏好；对政府艾滋病防控强制措施的态度；左右政治光谱自我评估；对针对政治暴力罪犯及反国家势力的更严格政府措施的态度（量表）。

三月：领导层人选合理性；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；对失业减少建议的评价及最有效措施认知；对减薪同步减时政策的态度与个人意愿；该措施对减少失业的贡献评价；失业者求职努力程度评价；偏好的政府联盟；复活节彩蛋涂色与隐藏行为；棕榈主日棕榈枝祝圣参与度；复活节假期旅行情况。

四月：对联邦共和国民主制度的满意度；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为（投票程序）；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；议题相关性；联邦共和国当前及未来经济形势评价；医疗改革认知及控费措施态度；家庭重病护理津贴态度；联邦共和国有组织犯罪存在性认知；扩大警方打击此类犯罪权利的态度；婚姻与长期伴侣关系法律地位平等的态度；对此类关系的个人认知。

五月：领导层人选合理性；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；对堕胎及咨询体系的态度；代表自身堕胎态度的政党；失业者求职努力程度评价；联邦共和国南北差距态度及成因认知；南方各州对北方财政援助态度；左右政治光谱自我评估；欧洲杯冠军预测；国家足球联赛薪资支付态度；城市支持职业足球态度；与萨尔茨吉特（Salzgitter）相关的联想；社民党在石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州选举获胜及基民盟失利的主要原因；伴侣同居情况；城市规模。

六月：对联邦共和国民主制度的满意度；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为（投票程序）；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；偏好的自民党主席；现任联邦政府及潜在社民党领导政府的议题处理能力；欧共体（EC）成员资格的利弊；西欧一体化偏好形式；欧洲统一货币态度；特定政治问题的国家或欧洲层面解决方案偏好。

八月：领导层人选合理性；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；偏好的社民党总理候选人；社民党女性配额及政界女性比例态度；素食主义者身份；工厂化养殖动物态度；为避免该养殖方式愿意支付更高肉价的意愿；激素污染小牛肉对健康危害的恐惧；其他食品对健康的潜在负担认知；更严格法律与检查以防范有害食品的态度；东欧德裔移民态度；联邦共和国最受欢迎男性；城市规模。

九月：对联邦共和国民主制度的满意度；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；偏好的政府联盟；个人及整体当前与未来经济形势评价；潜在政府联盟对个人经济形势的影响；1982年政府更迭后特定政治领域变化感知；偏好的自民党主席及主席选举获胜预测；对外援规模的评价；发展中国家债务问题解决方案偏好；以债务减免交换环保措施的态度；发展中国家在环保措施中的自决能力认知；城市规模。

十月：领导层人选合理性；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；施特劳斯（Strauss）逝世对科尔政府活动及基社盟在波恩影响力的影响；联邦共和国与苏联关系评价；戈尔巴乔夫（Gorbachev）执政以来双边关系变化感知；科尔访苏态度及对双边关系的潜在影响；戈尔巴乔夫、里根（Reagan）与科尔的可信度；联邦共和国与苏联的裁军意愿认知；来自苏联的军事威胁感；联邦共和国军备开支态度；东西方军事优势认知；欧洲和平安全近一年发展评价；对德国分裂的态度；电视观看习惯；对苏联相关报道与信息的兴趣；对俄罗斯的认知；苏联作为可靠经济伙伴的评价；德苏经济关系扩大态度；戈尔巴乔夫政策对苏联生活条件的潜在改变；成瘾性药物与艾滋病对健康的威胁；对联邦政府及民主制度成就的满意度；核电站新建或关闭态度；为减少有害物质影响的食品支付更高价格的意愿；激素污染小牛肉报道对个人小牛肉消费的影响；偏好的美国总统；城市规模。

十一月：对联邦共和国民主制度的满意度；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；联邦共和国最重要政治人物；东欧德裔与 asylum-seekers（ asylum seekers， asylum seekers此处指寻求庇护者）接纳态度；东欧德裔或寻求庇护者优先待遇态度；四天工作制态度；周六工作态度；医疗改革计划认知及改革提案态度；医疗改革对公共医疗体系成本降低的贡献认知；联邦议会议长延宁格（Jenninger）辞职态度；失业担忧；城市规模。

十二月：领导层人选合理性；政党偏好（周日问题与排序法）；上届联邦议会选举投票行为；政党及特定政治人物好感度量表；波恩政府联盟与反对党满意度量表；科尔政府活动及基社盟在波恩影响力的评价；联邦共和国与苏联关系评价；戈尔巴乔夫执政以来双边关系变化感知；科尔访苏态度及对双边关系的潜在影响；戈尔巴乔夫、里根与科尔的可信度；联邦共和国与苏联的裁军意愿认知；来自苏联的军事威胁感；联邦共和国军备开支态度；东西方军事优势认知；欧洲和平安全近一年发展评价；对德国分裂的态度；电视观看习惯；对苏联相关报道与信息的兴趣；对俄罗斯的认知；苏联作为可靠经济伙伴的评价；德苏经济关系扩大态度；戈尔巴乔夫政策对苏联生活条件的潜在改变；成瘾性药物与艾滋病对健康的威胁；对联邦政府及民主制度成就的满意度；核电站新建或关闭态度；为减少有害物质影响的食品支付更高价格的意愿；激素污染小牛肉报道对个人小牛肉消费的影响；偏好的美国总统；城市规模。

人口统计：出生年月；性别；婚姻状况；伴侣同居情况；宗教信仰；教堂 attendance频率；已获得及期望的学校学位；职业培训；大学学位；职业职位；就业状态；学徒考试；公务员身份；军衔；家庭中18岁及以上人数；家庭中14-21岁人数；受访者是否为户主；户主特征；家庭工会成员情况；政党倾向。

额外编码信息：地区代码；访谈月份；权重因子；联邦州。