Nine Days Naptown Tabular Data

Title of reference article:<br><i>Nine Days of Naptown Arrests: How and Why Spatial Data Should Discomfort Us</i>Author J. Kevin Byrne<i><br></i>Date authored: August 23, 2020Abstract: During nine successive days in 2019 Indianapolis (IN) police made arrests across six districts. <i>Exploratory spatial data analysis</i> (ESDA) revealed how variables of arrests, race, aggressive use of force (UOF), injuries, and their location interact with each other. <i>Scatterplots</i> with R-squared values &gt; 0.6 suggested aggressive UOF contributed to injuries of arrested residents across all races, Caucasian officers may have excessively injured arrested residents, and aggressive UOF correlated with arrests of African-Americans. Findings for <i>parallel-coordinate-plots</i> dove deeper in terms of spatial implications and ethical considerations (e.g., by visually demonstrating presence of a cluster of observed residents’ arrests as coinciding with African-American census geodemographics). This “small-sample” can surprise the reader. My conclusion proposed two aims: 1) solidify hypotheses (for further ESDA) that may induce ethical discomfort (a good thing) pertaining to the subject of <i>structural racism,</i> and 2) use findings to usher civic policymakers down more strident paths to sociocultural change.<br>A “raw” downloaded .csv file – titled <i>uof.csv</i> – was opened in MS Excel software. Specific columns that were deemed target variables for ESDA tasks were renamed, and counts were tabulated and aggregated into blocks of numbers that were matched to GIS-spatial boundaries named by Indianapolis (IN) police districts and zones. Everything was cleaned up so data could be seamlessly merged into GeoDa software.<br> My final table – titled <i>NineDaysNaptownPoliceData9Days20200808.xlsx</i> – as an MS Excel file is attached herewith.<br> Path to original source:https://www.projectcomport.org/department/IMPD/schema/useofforce/

参考文章标题：《纳普敦九日逮捕事件：空间数据为何及如何引发我们的不适》，作者：J. 凯文·伯恩（J. Kevin Byrne），创作日期：2020年8月23日。
摘要：2019年，印第安纳波利斯（Indianapolis, IN）警方在连续九日的行动中，于六个辖区内实施逮捕行动。探索性空间数据分析（Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, ESDA）揭示了逮捕事件、种族、攻击性武力使用（Use of Force, UOF）、受伤情况及其地理位置之间的相互作用关系。当决定系数（R-squared）大于0.6时，散点图（Scatterplots）的分析结果显示：攻击性武力使用与所有种族被捕居民的受伤情况存在显著关联；白人警员可能对被捕居民存在过度武力致伤行为；攻击性武力使用与非洲裔美国人的逮捕事件存在相关性。平行坐标图（Parallel-coordinate-plots）的研究结果则进一步深入探讨了空间影响与伦理考量——例如，通过可视化手段呈现被捕居民聚集区域与非洲裔人口普查人口统计区域的重合情况。该"小样本"数据集或将给读者带来意外的认知冲击。本文结论提出了两大研究目标：其一，巩固相关假说（用于后续探索性空间数据分析），引发与结构性种族主义（structural racism）相关的伦理层面反思（这一设计初衷具有积极意义）；其二，利用研究成果推动市政政策制定者在社会文化变革的道路上采取更坚决的举措。
研究使用了从公开渠道下载的原始逗号分隔值（Comma-Separated Values, CSV）文件`uof.csv`，并通过微软Excel（Microsoft Excel, MS Excel）软件打开。对被选为探索性空间数据分析目标变量的特定列进行重命名，对数据进行计数统计与聚合，生成与印第安纳波利斯警方划定的辖区及分区对应的GIS空间边界区块数据。所有数据均经过标准化清洗处理，以确保可无缝导入GeoDa地理空间数据分析软件。
最终生成的名为`NineDaysNaptownPoliceData9Days20200808.xlsx`的微软Excel表格文件已随本文附上。
原始来源路径：https://www.projectcomport.org/department/IMPD/schema/useofforce/