兰州大学寒旱区科学观测网络CARN（苏干湖站气象要素梯度观测系统-2019）

该数据集包含了2019年11月27日至2019年12月31日兰州大学寒旱区科学观测网络苏干湖站气象要素梯度观测系统数据。站点位于甘肃苏干湖，下垫面是湿地。观测点的经纬度是94.12E，38.99N，海拔2823m。二维超声风速/风向传感器和空气温湿度传感器分别架设在4m、8m处，朝向正北；气压计安装在1m采集箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在塔4m处；红外温度计安装在4m处，朝向正南，探头朝向垂直向下；土壤热通量板（自校正式）（2块）依次埋设在塔南侧植被下5cm和10cm处；土壤温/湿/电导率传感器和土壤水势传感器埋设在塔南侧植被下10cm、20cm和40cm处；光合有效辐射传感器、日照时数传感器以及四分量辐射仪安装在4m处，朝向正南。
观测项目有：风速（WS_4m、WS_8m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_4m、WD_8m）(单位：度)、空气温湿度（Ta_4m、Ta_8m和RH_4m、RH_8m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_5cm、Gs_10cm）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm）(单位：百分比)、土壤温度（Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm）(单位：摄氏度) 、土壤水势（SWP_10cm，SWP_20cm、SWP_40cm）（单位：千帕）、土壤电导率（EC_10cm，EC_20cm、EC_40cm）（单位：微西门子/厘米）光合有效辐射（PAR）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)、日照时数（Sun_time）（单位：小时）。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min）；40cm土壤水势传感器故障，该位置土壤水势数据错误；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2019-6-10 10:30。

This dataset contains data from the meteorological element gradient observation system at the Sugan Lake Station of the Cold and Arid Regions Science Observation Network of Lanzhou University, covering the period from November 27 to December 31, 2019.
The station is located in Sugan Lake, Gansu Province, with a wetland underlying surface. The coordinates of the observation point are 94.12°E, 38.99°N, and the elevation is 2823 m. Two-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed/direction sensors and air temperature and humidity sensors were installed at heights of 4 m and 8 m respectively, facing north. A barometer was installed inside a 1 m-high collection cabinet. A tipping bucket rain gauge was installed at 4 m on the observation tower. An infrared thermometer was installed at 4 m, facing south with its probe pointing vertically downward. Two self-calibrating soil heat flux plates were buried sequentially under the vegetation on the south side of the tower at depths of 5 cm and 10 cm. Soil temperature, moisture and electrical conductivity sensors as well as soil water potential sensors were buried under the vegetation on the south side of the tower at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm and 40 cm. A photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensor, a sunshine duration sensor and a four-component radiometer were installed at 4 m, facing south.
The observed items include: wind speed (WS_4m, WS_8m, unit: m/s), wind direction (WD_4m, WD_8m, unit: degree), air temperature and humidity (Ta_4m, Ta_8m, RH_4m, RH_8m, units: °C, %), atmospheric pressure (Press, unit: hPa), precipitation (Rain, unit: mm), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn, unit: W/m²), surface radiation temperature (IRT, unit: °C), soil heat flux (Gs_5cm, Gs_10cm, unit: W/m²), soil moisture (Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, unit: %), soil temperature (Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, unit: °C), soil water potential (SWP_10cm, SWP_20cm, SWP_40cm, unit: kPa), soil electrical conductivity (EC_10cm, EC_20cm, EC_40cm, unit: μS/cm), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, unit: μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), sunshine duration (Sun_time, unit: hour).
Data processing and quality control of the observations: (1) Ensure 144 valid data per day (collected every 10 minutes); the soil water potential sensor at 40 cm depth was faulty, resulting in erroneous soil water potential data at this location. (2) Remove duplicate records at the same timestamp. (3) Delete data that obviously exceeds physical limits or instrument measurement ranges. (4) Data marked in red are considered questionable. (5) The date and time formats are unified, with date and time recorded in the same column. For example, the timestamp format is: 2019-6-10 10:30.