Table_1_Exercise and nutrition in type 1 diabetes: Insights from the FinnDiane cohort.doc

Type 1 diabetes is a challenging disease, characterized by dynamic changes in the insulin need during life periods, seasons of the year, but also by everyday situations. In particular, changes in insulin need are evident before, during and after exercise and having meals. In the midst of different life demands, it can be very burdensome to achieve tight glycemic control to prevent late diabetes complications, and at the same time, to avoid hypoglycemia. Consequently, many individuals with type 1 diabetes are faced with diabetes distress, decreasing profoundly their quality of life. Today, the nationwide Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study, launched in 1997, has gathered data from more than 8,000 well-characterized individuals with type 1 diabetes, recruited from 93 centers all over Finland and has established its position as the world’s leading project on studying complications in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Studying risk factors and mechanisms of diabetes complications is inconceivable without trying to understand the effects of exercise and nutrition on glycemic control and the development of diabetes complications. Therefore, in this paper we provide findings regarding food and exercise, accumulated during the 25 years of studying lives of Finnish people with type 1 diabetes.

1型糖尿病是一种棘手的疾病，其特征为人生各阶段、一年中不同季节乃至日常情境下的胰岛素需求均存在动态变化。具体而言，胰岛素需求的变化在运动、进餐前后及过程中尤为显著。在繁杂的日常生活需求中，既要实现严格的血糖控制以预防糖尿病晚期并发症，同时又要避免低血糖发生，这对患者而言往往负担沉重。因此，众多1型糖尿病患者会遭遇糖尿病痛苦，这极大地降低了他们的生活质量。如今，于1997年启动的全国性芬兰糖尿病肾病（Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study, FinnDiane）研究已从芬兰全国93个研究中心招募了8000余名特征明确的1型糖尿病患者并收集了相关数据，该研究已确立其作为全球领先的1型糖尿病并发症研究项目的地位。若要探究糖尿病并发症的风险因素与发病机制，就必须先明晰运动与营养对血糖控制及糖尿病并发症进展的影响。为此，本文呈现了我们在25年间对芬兰1型糖尿病患者生活状况开展研究过程中积累的有关饮食与运动的相关研究发现。